2016 - 2018年南非普通人群中实验室确诊的乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学情况
The epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed Hepatitis B Virus infection in the general population of South Africa, 2016-2018.
作者信息
Lamola Mashudu Teresa, Musekiwa Alfred, de Voux Alex, Reddy Carl, Mutevedzi Portia Chipo
机构信息
School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
South African Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
出版信息
Pan Afr Med J. 2024 Aug 13;48:172. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2024.48.172.40907. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION
despite the introduction of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccine in South Africa in 1995, HBV remains endemic. South Africa's HBV vaccine coverage for the third dose was 71% in 2015. Information on the HBV prevalence in South Africa in recent years is limited, therefore, we estimated HBV prevalence and described annual trends.
METHODS
we conducted a retrospective descriptive study of data extracted from the Notifiable Medical Conditions Surveillance System, and estimated HBV prevalence per 100,000 population using the mid-year population estimates obtained from Statistics South Africa, for the 2016-2018 period.
RESULTS
in total, 105 308 laboratory-confirmed HBV cases were analysed, of which 50.2% (53 895/105 308), 95% CI (49.9-50.5) were males. HBV prevalence for males was 34.1 in 2016, 84.1 in 2017, and 72.3 per 100,000 population in 2018. The age group with the highest HBV cases and prevalence were ages 15-49 years having 80.5% (n=84 718), with 52.2 in 2016, 123.3 in 2017, and 99.6 per 100 000 population in 2018. Between 2016 and 2018, South Africa had an overall HBV prevalence of 33.8, 82.6, and 68.8 per 100,000 population, respectively. KwaZulu-Natal province had the highest number of HBV cases with 37.8% (n=39 851) however, Mpumalanga province had the highest HBV prevalence with 73.2 in 2016, 188.8 in 2017, and 126.5 per 100,000 population in 2018.
CONCLUSION
our results indicated a high HBV prevalence is reflective of the group prior to the HBV vaccine introduction in South Africa.
引言
尽管1995年南非就引入了乙肝病毒（HBV）疫苗，但HBV在南非仍然流行。2015年南非第三剂HBV疫苗的接种覆盖率为71%。近年来南非HBV流行情况的信息有限，因此，我们估算了HBV流行率并描述了年度趋势。
方法
我们对从法定传染病监测系统提取的数据进行了一项回顾性描述性研究，并使用从南非统计局获得的年中人口估计数，估算了2016 - 2018年期间每10万人口中的HBV流行率。
结果
总共分析了105308例实验室确诊的HBV病例，其中50.2%（53895/105308），95%置信区间（49.9 - 50.5）为男性。2016年男性HBV流行率为每10万人口34.1，2017年为84.1，2018年为72.3。HBV病例数和流行率最高的年龄组为15 - 49岁，占80.5%（n = 84718），2016年每10万人口中有52.2，2017年为123.3，2018年为99.6。2016年至2018年期间，南非每10万人口中的HBV总体流行率分别为33.8、82.6和68.8。夸祖鲁 - 纳塔尔省的HBV病例数最多，占37.8%（n = 39851），然而，姆普马兰加省的HBV流行率最高，2016年为73.2，2017年为188.8，2018年为每10万人口126.5。
结论
我们的结果表明，高HBV流行率反映了南非引入HBV疫苗之前的人群情况。
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