Axe de Neurobiologie Cognitive, Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie Cognitive et Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada.
Axe de Neurobiologie Cognitive, Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie Cognitive et Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke QC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2014 Jun 11;5:543. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00543. eCollection 2014.
Prominent disturbances in the experience, expression, and emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia have been relatively well documented over the last few years. Furthermore, sex differences in behavior and brain activity, associated with the processing of various emotions, have been reported in the general population and in schizophrenia patients. Others proposed that sex differences should be rather attributed to testosterone, which may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Also, it had been suggested that estradiol may play a protective role in schizophrenia. Surprisingly, few studies investigating this pathology have focused on both brain substrates and gonadal steroid hormone levels, in emotional processing. In the present study, we investigated electrocortical responses related to emotional valence and arousal as well as gonadal steroid hormone levels in patients with schizophrenia. Event-Related Potentials (ERP) were recorded during exposition to emotional pictures in 18 patients with schizophrenia and in 24 control participants paired on intelligence, manual dominance and socioeconomic status. Given their previous sensitivity to emotional and attention processes, the P200, N200 and the P300 were selected for analysis. More precisely, emotional valence generally affects early components (N200), which reflect early process of selective attention, whereas emotional arousal and valence both influences the P300 component, which is related to memory context updating, and stimulus categorization. Results showed that, in the control group, the amplitude of the N200 was significantly more lateralized over the right hemisphere, while there was no such lateralization in patients with schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, significantly smaller anterior P300 amplitude was observed to the unpleasant, compared to the pleasant. That anterior P300 reduction was also correlated with negative symptoms. The N200 and P300 amplitudes were positively correlated with the estradiol level in all conditions, revealing that the N200 and the P300 were reduced, when estradiol level was higher. Conversely, only the P300 amplitude showed positive correlation with the testosterone level.
近年来，大量研究表明精神分裂症患者在体验、表达和情绪识别方面存在明显障碍。此外，在普通人群和精神分裂症患者中，与各种情绪处理相关的行为和大脑活动存在性别差异。还有人提出，性别差异可能归因于睾丸激素，睾丸激素可能在精神分裂症的发病机制中发挥作用。此外，有人认为雌激素可能在精神分裂症中发挥保护作用。令人惊讶的是，很少有研究关注情感处理过程中的大脑基质和性腺类固醇激素水平。在本研究中，我们研究了与情绪效价和唤醒相关的电皮质反应以及精神分裂症患者的性腺类固醇激素水平。18 名精神分裂症患者和 24 名在智力、手优势和社会经济地位上与患者相匹配的对照组参与者在观看情绪图片时记录了事件相关电位（ERP）。鉴于它们先前对情绪和注意力过程的敏感性，选择了 P200、N200 和 P300 进行分析。更确切地说，情绪效价通常会影响早期成分（N200），反映了选择性注意的早期过程，而情绪唤醒和效价都会影响 P300 成分，该成分与记忆上下文更新和刺激分类有关。结果表明，在对照组中，N200 的振幅在右半球明显更偏向一侧，而精神分裂症患者则没有这种偏向。在精神分裂症患者中，与愉快相比，不愉快的情绪会导致 P300 前区振幅明显减小。这种前 P300 减少与阴性症状也呈正相关。在所有条件下，N200 和 P300 的振幅与雌二醇水平呈正相关，表明当雌二醇水平较高时，N200 和 P300 会减少。相反，只有 P300 振幅与睾丸激素水平呈正相关。
