Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA ; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.
Front Genet. 2014 Jun 11;5:171. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00171. eCollection 2014.
Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are best known for their role as adaptors during translation of the genetic code. Beyond their canonical role during protein biosynthesis, tRNAs also perform additional functions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes for example in regulating gene expression. Aminoacylated tRNAs have also been implicated as substrates for non-ribosomal peptide bond formation, post-translational protein labeling, modification of phospholipids in the cell membrane, and antibiotic biosyntheses. Most recently tRNA fragments, or tRFs, have also been recognized to play regulatory roles. Here, we examine in more detail some of the new functions emerging for tRNA in a variety of cellular processes outside of protein synthesis.
转移 RNA（tRNA）作为翻译遗传密码过程中的适配器而闻名。除了在蛋白质生物合成过程中的典型作用外，tRNA 在原核生物和真核生物中还具有其他功能，例如在基因表达调控中。氨酰化 tRNA 也被认为是非核糖体肽键形成、翻译后蛋白质标记、细胞膜中磷脂修饰和抗生素生物合成的底物。最近，tRNA 片段或 tRFs 也被认为具有调节作用。在这里，我们更详细地研究了 tRNA 在蛋白质合成以外的各种细胞过程中出现的一些新功能。
