Tagwireyi D, Nhachi C F B, Ball D E
Cent Afr J Med. 2011 May-Aug;57(5-8):17-22.
To describe the toxicoepidemiology of snakebite admissions to eight major referral hospitals in Zimbabwe.
Retrospective and descriptive case review.
Four central hospitals (i.e., Harare, Parirenyatwa, Mpilo and United Bulawayo Hospitals) and four provincial hospitals (i,e., Gwanda, Bindura, Gweru and Mutare hospitals).
Parameters assessed for included patient demographics e.g. age and gender, length of hospital stay, circumstances leading to snakebite, season and time of day of bite, culprit species, clinical presentation, management before and after admission, and outcome.
There were a total of 273 admissions due to snakebite. Over 60% of bites were to the feet and about 36% were to the arms and hands. The type of snake involved was recorded in 14.6% (40) the cases with puff adders (Bitis arietans) being the most commonly implicated species. First aid and other pre-hospital treatments were recorded in 38 cases with tourniquets employed in 24 cases (63.2%) and 13 patients visiting a traditional medical practitioner before going to hospital. There were similar proportions of males to females admitted with snakebite and the case fatality rate in this study was 2.9%.
Most bites from snakes in Zimbabwe occur to the feet and are probably from puff adders. The torniquet appears to be the most commonly employed first aid measure for snakebite in Zimbabwe, and snakebite victims still consult traditional healers.
描述津巴布韦八家主要转诊医院蛇咬伤入院病例的毒理学流行病学情况。
回顾性描述性病例审查。
四家中心医院（即哈拉雷、帕里伦亚图瓦、姆皮洛和布拉瓦约联合医院）和四家省级医院（即万丹、宾杜拉、圭鲁和穆塔雷医院）。
评估的参数包括患者人口统计学特征（如年龄和性别）、住院时间、导致蛇咬伤的情况、咬伤季节和时间、肇事蛇种、临床表现、入院前后的治疗及预后。
因蛇咬伤入院的病例共有273例。超过60%的咬伤发生在足部，约36%发生在手臂和手部。14.6%（40例）的病例记录了涉及的蛇种，鼓腹咝蝰（Bitis arietans）是最常涉及的蛇种。38例记录了急救及其他院前治疗情况，其中24例（63.2%）使用了止血带，13例患者在入院前咨询过传统医生。蛇咬伤入院的男性和女性比例相似，本研究中的病死率为2.9%。
津巴布韦大多数蛇咬伤发生在足部，可能是由鼓腹咝蝰所致。止血带似乎是津巴布韦最常用的蛇咬伤急救措施，蛇咬伤患者仍会咨询传统治疗师。
