1 Brain Trauma Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
2 Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
J Atten Disord. 2017 Dec;21(14):1169-1179. doi: 10.1177/1087054714538659. Epub 2014 Jun 26.
The nature of ADHD, especially in adulthood, is not well-understood. Therefore, we explored subcomponents of attention in adult ADHD.
Twenty-three adults with ADHD were tested on neurocognitive and visual tracking performance both while on their regular prescription stimulant medication and while abstaining from the medication for 1 day. Pairwise comparisons to 46 two-for-one matched normal controls were made to detect medication-resistant effects of ADHD, and within-participant comparisons were made to detect medication-sensitive effects in patients.
Even when on medication, patients performed more poorly than controls on a spatial working memory task, and on visual tracking and simple reaction time tasks immediately following other attention-demanding tasks. Patients' visual tracking performance degraded while off-medication in a manner consistent with reduced vigilance.
There may be persistent cognitive impairments in adult ADHD despite medication. In addition, the benefit of stimulants seems reduced under cognitive fatigue.
ADHD 的本质，尤其是在成年期的本质，尚未被充分理解。因此，我们探讨了成人 ADHD 的注意力子成分。
23 名 ADHD 成人在服用常规处方兴奋剂药物和停药 1 天后，分别接受神经认知和视觉跟踪表现测试。与 46 名两倍匹配的正常对照进行配对比较，以检测 ADHD 的药物抵抗效应，同时对患者进行自身内比较，以检测药物敏感效应。
即使在服药时，患者在空间工作记忆任务、视觉跟踪和简单反应时间任务上的表现也比对照组差，且在完成其他注意力要求高的任务后立即进行这些测试时更是如此。患者的视觉跟踪表现在停药时下降，这与警觉性降低一致。
尽管服用药物，成人 ADHD 仍可能存在持续的认知障碍。此外，兴奋剂的益处似乎在认知疲劳下会降低。
