Fisher Jeffrey, Yang Xiaoxia, Harris Curtis, Koturbash Igor, Lumen Annie
National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
College of Public Health, University of Georgia, 115 DW Brooks Dr, Barrow Hall, Room 001B, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
J Thyroid Res. 2014;2014:710178. doi: 10.1155/2014/710178. Epub 2014 May 25.
Potassium iodide (KI) is recommended as an emergency treatment for exposure to radioiodines, most commonly associated with nuclear detonation or mishaps at nuclear power plants. Protecting the thyroid gland of infants and children remains a priority because of increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the young exposed to radioiodines (such as (131)I and (133)I). There is a lack of clinical studies for KI and radioiodines in children or infants to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of KI administration in the young. In this paper, we compare functional aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in the young and adults and review the limited studies of KI in children. The HPT axis in the infant and child is hyperactive and therefore will respond less effectively to KI treatment compared to adults. Research on the safety and efficacy of KI in infants and children is needed.
碘化钾（KI）被推荐作为暴露于放射性碘（最常见于核爆炸或核电站事故）后的紧急治疗方法。由于暴露于放射性碘（如碘-131和碘-133）的年轻人中甲状腺癌发病率增加，保护婴幼儿的甲状腺仍然是优先事项。目前缺乏关于儿童或婴儿使用KI和放射性碘的临床研究，无法就KI给药在年轻人中的有效性和安全性得出明确结论。在本文中，我们比较了年轻人和成年人下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴的功能方面，并回顾了关于儿童使用KI的有限研究。婴幼儿的HPT轴活跃，因此与成年人相比，对KI治疗的反应效果较差。需要对KI在婴幼儿中的安全性和有效性进行研究。
