Scognamiglio Claire, Houenou Josselin
Paris Ile de France Ouest Medical School, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.
UNIACT, NeuroSpin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France INSERM U955, Equipe 15 'Psychiatrie Génétique', Créteil, France Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Mondor, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;48(10):907-16. doi: 10.1177/0004867414540753. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
Genetically at-risk yet healthy relatives of patients with schizophrenia, sharing an important part of the genetic susceptibility to the disease, allow the study of neuroimaging endophenotypes. The aim of our study was to perform a meta-analysis of whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that compared adult healthy relatives of patients with schizophrenia and controls.
Twenty-one whole-brain fMRI studies were included (17 using cognitive tasks and four using emotional tasks), published between 2003 and 2013. These studies included 467 healthy relatives of patients with schizophrenia and 768 controls. To conduct the statistical analysis, we used the effect-size signed differential mapping software, a voxel-based meta-analytic approach.
In healthy relatives of patients with schizophrenia, we observed a general pattern of overactivation across the 21 fMRI studies in right-sided frontal, parietal and temporal regions compared to controls. This pattern was accompanied by an underactivation in the cingulate gyrus. Our analyses showed a very similar pattern during purely cognitive tasks; during emotional tasks, healthy relatives additionally overactivated the left parahippocampal gyrus.
This fMRI pattern of prefrontal overactivation and hypoactivation of the cingulate gyrus may represent a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia.
精神分裂症患者的有遗传风险但健康的亲属，共享该疾病遗传易感性的重要部分，这有助于对神经影像学内表型进行研究。我们研究的目的是对全脑功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究进行荟萃分析，该分析比较了精神分裂症患者的成年健康亲属和对照组。
纳入了2003年至2013年间发表的21项全脑fMRI研究（17项使用认知任务，4项使用情感任务）。这些研究包括467名精神分裂症患者的健康亲属和768名对照组。为进行统计分析，我们使用了效应大小符号差异映射软件，这是一种基于体素的荟萃分析方法。
在精神分裂症患者的健康亲属中，与对照组相比，我们在21项fMRI研究中观察到右侧额叶、顶叶和颞叶区域普遍存在激活过度的模式。这种模式伴随着扣带回的激活不足。我们的分析显示，在纯粹的认知任务中也有非常相似的模式；在情感任务中，健康亲属还额外激活了左侧海马旁回。
这种前额叶激活过度和扣带回激活不足的fMRI模式可能代表精神分裂症的一种候选内表型。
