Svaren John
Department of Comparative Biosciences and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Neurochem Int. 2014 Nov;77:50-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.010. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
Several recent studies have addressed the important role of microRNA in regulation of differentiation of myelinating glia. While Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in the peripheral and central nervous systems, respectively, exhibit significant morphological and regulatory differences, some aspects of transcriptional and microRNA regulation are shared between these two cell types. This review focuses on the intersection of microRNAs with transcriptional regulation in Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte differentiation. In particular, several microRNAs have been shown to modulate expression of critical transcription factors, and in turn, the regulation of microRNA expression is enmeshed within transcriptional networks that coordinate both coding gene and noncoding RNA profiles of myelinating cells. These hubs of regulation control both myelin gene expression as well as the cell cycle transitions of Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes as they terminally differentiate. In addition, some studies have begin to highlight the combinatorial effects of different microRNAs that establish the narrow range of gene regulation required for efficient and stable myelin formation. Overall, the integration of microRNA and transcriptional aspects will help elucidate mechanistic control of the myelination process.
最近的几项研究探讨了微小RNA在调控髓鞘形成胶质细胞分化中的重要作用。虽然施万细胞和少突胶质细胞分别位于外周和中枢神经系统，表现出显著的形态和调控差异，但这两种细胞类型在转录和微小RNA调控方面存在一些共同之处。本综述聚焦于微小RNA与施万细胞和少突胶质细胞分化过程中转录调控的交叉点。特别地，已有研究表明几种微小RNA可调节关键转录因子的表达，反过来，微小RNA表达的调控也嵌入到协调髓鞘形成细胞的编码基因和非编码RNA图谱的转录网络中。这些调控中心不仅控制髓鞘基因的表达，还控制施万细胞和少突胶质细胞终末分化过程中的细胞周期转换。此外，一些研究已开始强调不同微小RNA的组合效应，这些效应建立了高效稳定髓鞘形成所需的狭窄基因调控范围。总体而言，微小RNA和转录方面的整合将有助于阐明髓鞘形成过程的机制控制。
