Langlois Adéle
New Bioeth. 2014;20(1):3-11. doi: 10.1179/2050287714z.00000000040.
UNESCO's Bioethics Programme was established in 1993. In twenty years it has adopted three international declarations, on the human genome (1997), human genetic data (2003) and bioethics (2005); produced reports on a wide range of bioethics issues; and developed capacity building and public education programmes in bioethics. Yet UNESCO has sometimes struggled to assert its authority in the wider bioethics world. Some bioethicists have criticized the 2005 declaration and suggested that the World Health Organization might be better placed to advance bioethics. In 2011, after four years of debate, UNESCO decided not to draft a convention on human reproductive cloning, because consensus on the issue proved impossible. This article reviews the standard setting and capacity building activities of the UNESCO Bioethics Programme. While the Programme faces challenges common to most intergovernmental organizations, its achievements in expanding international law and building bioethics capacity should not be underestimated.
联合国教科文组织的生物伦理计划于1993年设立。二十年来，它通过了三项国际宣言，分别关于人类基因组（1997年）、人类遗传数据（2003年）和生物伦理（2005年）；就广泛的生物伦理问题撰写了报告；并开展了生物伦理方面的能力建设和公众教育计划。然而，联合国教科文组织有时难以在更广泛的生物伦理领域确立其权威。一些生物伦理学家批评了2005年的宣言，并建议世界卫生组织可能更适合推动生物伦理发展。2011年，经过四年的辩论，联合国教科文组织决定不起草一项关于人类生殖性克隆的公约，因为事实证明在这个问题上无法达成共识。本文回顾了联合国教科文组织生物伦理计划的标准制定和能力建设活动。虽然该计划面临着大多数政府间组织共有的挑战，但其在扩展国际法和建设生物伦理能力方面的成就不应被低估。
