Mot Dorien, Timbermont Leen, Haesebrouck Freddy, Ducatelle Richard, Van Immerseel Filip
a Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium.
Avian Pathol. 2014;43(4):290-300. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2014.939942.
Necrotic enteritis in broilers is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A strains that produce the NetB toxin. Necrotic enteritis is one of the gastrointestinal diseases in poultry that has gained worldwide importance during the last decade due to efforts to improve broiler performance. Prevention strategies include avoiding predisposing factors, such as coccidiosis, and in-feed supplementation with a variety of feed additives. However, vaccination with modified toxin or other secreted immunogenic proteins seems a logical preventive tool for protection against a toxin-producing bacterium. Formalin-inactivated crude supernatant has been used initially for vaccination. Several studies have been carried out recently to identify the most important immunogenic and protective proteins that can be used for vaccination. These include the NetB toxin, as well as a number of other proteins. There is evidence that immunization with single proteins is not protective against severe challenge and that combinations of different antigens are needed. Most published studies have used multiple dosage vaccination regimens that are not relevant for practical use in the broiler industry. Single vaccination regimens for 1-day-old chicks appear to be non-protective. This review describes the history of vaccination strategies against necrotic enteritis in broilers and gives an update on future vaccination strategies that are applicable in the field. These may include breeder hen vaccination, in ovo vaccination and live attenuated vectors to be used in feed or in drinking water.
肉鸡坏死性肠炎由产生NetB毒素的A型产气荚膜梭菌引起。坏死性肠炎是家禽的胃肠道疾病之一，在过去十年中，由于致力于提高肉鸡生产性能，该病已在全球范围内受到重视。预防策略包括避免诱发因素，如球虫病，以及在饲料中添加各种饲料添加剂。然而，用修饰毒素或其他分泌性免疫原性蛋白进行疫苗接种似乎是预防产毒素细菌感染的合理手段。最初使用福尔马林灭活的粗上清液进行疫苗接种。最近开展了多项研究，以确定可用于疫苗接种的最重要的免疫原性和保护性蛋白。这些蛋白包括NetB毒素以及其他一些蛋白。有证据表明，用单一蛋白免疫不能有效抵御严重攻击，需要不同抗原的组合。大多数已发表的研究使用的多剂量疫苗接种方案与肉鸡行业的实际应用无关。1日龄雏鸡的单剂量疫苗接种方案似乎没有保护作用。本综述描述了肉鸡坏死性肠炎疫苗接种策略的历史，并介绍了适用于该领域的未来疫苗接种策略的最新情况。这些策略可能包括种母鸡疫苗接种、胚内疫苗接种以及用于饲料或饮用水中的减毒活载体。
