Sege Christopher T, Bradley Margaret M, Lang Peter J
Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2014 Oct;51(10):977-81. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12244. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
The startle reflex is potentiated when anticipating emotional, compared to neutral, pictures. This study investigated the time course of reflex modulation during anticipation and the impact of informative cuing on picture perception. Colors were used to signal the thematic content of emotional and neutral scenes; blink response modulation was measured by presenting acoustic startle probes 3, 2, or 1 s before picture onset or 2 s after picture onset. During anticipation of neutral scenes, blink magnitude showed increasing attenuation as picture onset approached, consistent with a modality-directed vigilance account. Conversely, when anticipating emotional scenes, reflex magnitude did not change over time, and blinks elicited closest to picture onset were potentiated compared to neutral. During perception, the expected reflex potentiation for unpleasant pictures was not found, suggesting that cuing may dampen defensive activation.
与中性图片相比，在预期情绪性图片时，惊跳反射会增强。本研究调查了预期过程中反射调节的时间进程以及信息提示对图片感知的影响。颜色被用于指示情绪性和中性场景的主题内容；通过在图片呈现前3秒、2秒或1秒或图片呈现后2秒呈现听觉惊跳刺激来测量眨眼反应调节。在预期中性场景时，随着图片呈现临近，眨眼幅度衰减增加，这与一种模态导向的警觉解释一致。相反，在预期情绪性场景时，反射幅度并未随时间变化，并且与中性图片相比，最接近图片呈现时引发的眨眼增强。在感知过程中，未发现不愉快图片预期的反射增强，这表明提示可能会抑制防御性激活。
