Willems Tine M, Cornelis Justien A M, De Deurwaerder Lien E P, Roelandt Filip, De Mits Sophie
Ghent University, Department of Physiotherapy and Orthopedics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 13K12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Ghent University, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 3B3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Hum Mov Sci. 2014 Aug;36:167-76. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 Jun 28.
The velocity of a swimmer is determined by biomechanical and bioenergetics factors. However, little is known about the effect of ankle flexibility on dolphin kick performance. Next to this, scientific evidence is lacking concerning the influence of ankle muscle strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ankle flexibility and muscle strength on dolphin kick performance in competitive swimmers. Ankle range of motion (ROM) and ankle muscle strength were measured in 26 healthy competitive swimmers. The effect of both was assessed on the swimmer's velocity and lower extremity joint angles during three maximal dolphin kick trials. Additionally, the effect of a flexibility restriction by a tape on the dolphin kick performance was assessed. Correlations were calculated between the flexibility, muscle strength and dolphin kick performance and differences were investigated between the unrestricted and restricted condition. Muscle strength of dorsal flexors and internal rotators were positively significantly correlated with the velocity. Active and passive plantar flexion ROM and internal rotation ROM were not significantly correlated. A plantar flexion-internal rotation restriction during the dolphin kick showed a significant decrease in velocity. This restriction was associated with a changed movement pattern in the knee towards more flexion. The results suggest that dolphin kick velocity might be enhanced by ankle muscle strength exercises and that subjects with a restricted ankle flexibility might profit from a flexibility program.
游泳运动员的速度由生物力学和生物能量学因素决定。然而，关于踝关节灵活性对海豚式打腿表现的影响却知之甚少。除此之外，关于踝关节肌肉力量的影响也缺乏科学证据。因此，本研究的目的是调查踝关节灵活性和肌肉力量对竞技游泳运动员海豚式打腿表现的影响。对26名健康的竞技游泳运动员测量了踝关节活动范围（ROM）和踝关节肌肉力量。在三次最大强度的海豚式打腿测试中，评估了两者对游泳运动员速度和下肢关节角度的影响。此外，还评估了用胶带进行灵活性限制对海豚式打腿表现的影响。计算了灵活性、肌肉力量与海豚式打腿表现之间的相关性，并研究了无限制和受限条件之间的差异。背屈肌和内旋肌的肌肉力量与速度呈显著正相关。主动和被动跖屈ROM以及内旋ROM无显著相关性。海豚式打腿过程中的跖屈 - 内旋限制导致速度显著下降。这种限制与膝关节向更多屈曲方向改变的运动模式有关。结果表明，踝关节肌肉力量训练可能会提高海豚式打腿速度，而踝关节灵活性受限的受试者可能会从灵活性训练计划中受益。
