Sand Lars, Wallström Mats, Hirsch Jan-Michaél
Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Tel: +46-186116450, Fax: +46-18559129 e-mail:
Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014 Jun;13(2):372-8.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common epithelial malignancy in the oral cavity. OSCCs and their variants constitute over 90% of oral malignancies, and the disease is associated with poor prognosis. OSCC is a complex malignancy where environmental factors, viral infections, and genetic alterations most likely interact, and thus give rise to the malignant condition. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2007 concluded: "there is sufficient evidence in humans to establish smokeless tobacco as carcinogenic, i.e. smokeless tobacco causes cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas". ST products contain a large array of carcinogens, although the number found is actually smaller than in cigarette smoke. Worldwide, ST products have many different names depending on the region where it is produced. However, there are two main types of ST, chewing tobacco and snuff. It is estimated that approximately 150 million people in the world use ST. Herein, we review available literature regarding smokeless tobacco and oral Carcinogenesis. We also discuss the role of viral infections in combination with ST in OSCC development.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是口腔中最常见的上皮性恶性肿瘤。OSCC及其变体占口腔恶性肿瘤的90%以上，且该疾病预后较差。OSCC是一种复杂的恶性肿瘤，环境因素、病毒感染和基因改变很可能相互作用，从而引发恶性病变。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）在2007年得出结论：“有充分的证据表明无烟烟草对人类具有致癌性，即无烟烟草会导致口腔癌和胰腺癌”。无烟烟草产品含有大量致癌物，尽管实际发现的致癌物数量比香烟烟雾中的要少。在全球范围内，无烟烟草产品因生产地区不同而有许多不同的名称。然而，无烟烟草主要有两种类型，即嚼烟和鼻烟。据估计，全球约有1.5亿人使用无烟烟草。在此，我们回顾了关于无烟烟草与口腔癌发生的现有文献。我们还讨论了病毒感染与无烟烟草共同作用在OSCC发生发展中的作用。
