Yamaguchi Kenji, Sakurai Yoshio
The Department of Psychology, the Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan,
Cerebellum. 2014 Oct;13(5):651-8. doi: 10.1007/s12311-014-0580-5.
Time is a fundamental and critical factor in daily life. Millisecond timing, which is the underlying temporal processing for speaking, dancing, and other activities, is reported to rely on the cerebellum. In this review, we discuss the cerebellar spike-coding mechanisms for temporal processing. Although the contribution of the cerebellum to both classical conditioning and voluntary movements is well known, the difference of the mechanisms for temporal processing between classical conditioning and voluntary movements is not clear. Therefore, we review the evidence of cerebellar temporal processing in studies of classical conditioning and voluntary movements and report the similarities and differences between them. From some studies, which used tasks that can change some of the temporal properties (e.g., the duration of interstimulus intervals) with keeping identical movements, we concluded that classical conditioning and voluntary movements may share a common spike-coding mechanism because simple spikes in Purkinje cells decrease at predicted times for responses regardless of the intervals between responses or stimulation.
时间是日常生活中的一个基本且关键的因素。毫秒计时是说话、跳舞和其他活动背后的时间处理过程，据报道它依赖于小脑。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了小脑用于时间处理的尖峰编码机制。尽管小脑对经典条件反射和自主运动的贡献是众所周知的，但经典条件反射和自主运动之间时间处理机制的差异尚不清楚。因此，我们回顾了经典条件反射和自主运动研究中关于小脑时间处理的证据，并报告它们之间的异同。从一些研究中，这些研究使用了能够在保持相同运动的情况下改变一些时间特性（例如，刺激间隔的持续时间）的任务，我们得出结论，经典条件反射和自主运动可能共享一种共同的尖峰编码机制，因为无论反应或刺激之间的间隔如何，浦肯野细胞中的简单尖峰在预测的反应时间会减少。
