[SENTIERI Project: rationale and objectives].

The Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health-ISS), in partnership with a network of Italian national and regional scientific institutions, initiated the SENTIERI Project (Epidemiological Study of Residents in Italian Contaminated Sites-NPCSs), the objectives, methods and initial results of which were published by Epidemiologia & Prevenzione in 2010 and 2011. In the course of 2013, some of the SENTIERI Project findings were published in international scientific journals, and the "SENTIERI approach" was among those sanctioned by the World Health Organization to conduct an initial description of the health status of residents of contaminated sites. The present Report, set up jointly by ISS and the Italian Network of Cancer Registries (AIRTUM), as anticipated in the 2011 Report, aims to provide, for each of the 18 National Priority Contaminated Sites included in the SENTIERI Project where the Italian Association of Cancer Registries is active, a mortality update to 2010, analyses of cancer incidence (1996-2005 in 17 NPCSs) and of hospital discharges (2005-2010), as is explained in detail in Chapter 2, pertaining to the project's materials and methods. The results of the analyses for each NPCS are presented in Chapter 3, while Chapter 4 includes a critical appraisal, a discussion of the methodological approach and a series of concluding remarks. The second section of the Report takes an in-depth look at important issues of public health and scientific research in contaminated sites. This Report represents an important step towards implementing a permanent epidemiological surveillance system in Italy's contaminated sites, the ultimate goal of the SENTIERI Project.