Olivieri Cristina, Marota Isolina, Rizzi Ermanno, Ermini Luca, Fusco Letizia, Pietrelli Alessandro, De Bellis Gianluca, Rollo Franco, Luciani Stefania
Laboratory of Molecular Archaeo-Anthropology/ancient DNA, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy.
PLoS One. 2014 Jul 2;9(7):e100136. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100136. eCollection 2014.
In the last years several phylogeographic studies of both extant and extinct red deer populations have been conducted. Three distinct mitochondrial lineages (western, eastern and North-African/Sardinian) have been identified reflecting different glacial refugia and postglacial recolonisation processes. However, little is known about the genetics of the Alpine populations and no mitochondrial DNA sequences from Alpine archaeological specimens are available. Here we provide the first mitochondrial sequences of an Alpine Copper Age Cervus elaphus. DNA was extracted from hair shafts which were part of the remains of the clothes of the glacier mummy known as the Tyrolean Iceman or Ötzi (5,350-5,100 years before present). A 2,297 base pairs long fragment was sequenced using a mixed sequencing procedure based on PCR amplifications and 454 sequencing of pooled amplification products. We analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of the Alpine Copper Age red deer's haplotype with haplotypes of modern and ancient European red deer. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the haplotype of the Alpine Copper Age red deer falls within the western European mitochondrial lineage in contrast with the current populations from the Italian Alps belonging to the eastern lineage. We also discussed the phylogenetic relationships of the Alpine Copper Age red deer with the populations from Mesola Wood (northern Italy) and Sardinia.
在过去几年中，已经对现存和已灭绝的马鹿种群进行了多项系统地理学研究。已确定了三个不同的线粒体谱系（西部、东部以及北非/撒丁岛谱系），这反映了不同的冰期避难所和冰期后重新定居过程。然而，对于阿尔卑斯山种群的遗传学知之甚少，且没有来自阿尔卑斯山考古标本的线粒体DNA序列。在此，我们提供了阿尔卑斯山铜器时代马鹿的首批线粒体序列。DNA是从毛发轴中提取的，这些毛发轴是被称为提洛尔冰人或奥茨（距今5350 - 5100年）的冰川木乃伊衣物残骸的一部分。使用基于聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增和混合扩增产物的454测序的混合测序程序，对一个2297个碱基对长的片段进行了测序。我们分析了阿尔卑斯山铜器时代马鹿单倍型与现代和古代欧洲马鹿单倍型之间的系统发育关系。系统发育分析表明，与来自意大利阿尔卑斯山属于东部谱系的当前种群不同，阿尔卑斯山铜器时代马鹿的单倍型属于西欧线粒体谱系。我们还讨论了阿尔卑斯山铜器时代马鹿与来自梅索拉森林（意大利北部）和撒丁岛的种群之间的系统发育关系。
