Regier Jonathan
Early Sci Med. 2014;19(1):1-27. doi: 10.1163/15733823-00191p01.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) makes extensive use of souls and spiritus in his natural philosophy. Recent studies have highlighted their importance in his accounts of celestial generation and astrology. In this study, I would like to address two pressing issues. The first is Kepler's context. The biological side of his natural philosophy is not naively Aristotelian. Instead, he is up to date with contemporary discussions in medically flavored natural philosophy. I will examine his relationship to Melanchthon's anatomical-theological Liber de anima (1552) and to Jean Femel's very popular Physiologia (1567), two Galenic sources with a noticeable impact on how he understands the functions of life. The other issue that will direct my article is force at a distance. Medical ideas deeply inform Kepler's theories of light and solar force (virtus motrix). It will become clear that they are not a hindrance even to the hardcore of his celestial physics. Instead, he makes use of soul and spiritus in order to develop a fully mathematized dynamics.
约翰内斯·开普勒（1571 - 1630）在其自然哲学中广泛运用了灵魂和精气的概念。近期研究凸显了它们在其天体生成论和占星学论述中的重要性。在本研究中，我想探讨两个紧迫的问题。第一个是开普勒所处的背景。他自然哲学的生物学层面并非单纯地遵循亚里士多德主义。相反，他紧跟当时带有医学色彩的自然哲学的讨论前沿。我将考察他与梅兰希顿的解剖学 - 神学著作《论灵魂》（1552年）以及让·费梅尔广受欢迎的《生理学》（1567年）的关系，这两部盖伦派著作对他理解生命功能产生了显著影响。另一个将贯穿我文章的问题是远距离作用力。医学观念深刻地影响了开普勒的光和太阳力（动力）理论。我们将看到，这些观念甚至对他天体物理学的核心内容也并非阻碍。相反，他运用灵魂和精气来发展一种完全数学化的动力学。
