Fink-Jensen Morten
Department of History, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bull Hist Med. 2006 Fall;80(3):439-64. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2006.0095.
In the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, all intellectual pursuits in Europe were colored by the religious conditions of the age. Accordingly, investigations into nature were unable to avoid issues dealing with the workings of divine power. The reestablishment of the University of Copenhagen after the Reformation of 1536 in the joint kingdom of Denmark and Norway prompted the formulation of an official Lutheran program for the study of medicine and natural philosophy (including anatomy). This program was wholly based on the ideas of the German reformer Philip Melanchthon, the aim being to apply knowledge of, for example, anatomy in support of the newly reformed Lutheran society. Thus, the crown and the church officially sanctioned Melanchthon's thoughts on natural philosophy as a means to apprehend, first, the majestic glory of divine providence; second, that man was truly created and assigned his place by God; and third, that it was demanded of all men and women that they submit themselves to the will of God and the laws of the public authorities.
在16世纪和17世纪早期，欧洲所有的知识追求都受到当时宗教状况的影响。因此，对自然的研究无法避免涉及神的力量运作的问题。1536年丹麦和挪威联合王国宗教改革后哥本哈根大学的重建，促使制定了一项官方的路德宗医学和自然哲学（包括解剖学）研究计划。该计划完全基于德国宗教改革家菲利普·梅兰希顿的思想，目的是应用例如解剖学知识来支持新改革的路德宗社会。因此，王室和教会正式批准了梅兰希顿关于自然哲学的思想，作为一种手段，首先是为了领会神圣天意的壮丽荣耀；其次是为了认识到人类是由上帝真正创造并赋予其位置的；第三是为了要求所有男女都服从上帝的意志和公共当局的法律。
