Tomakidi Pascal, Schulz Simon, Proksch Susanne, Weber Wilfried, Steinberg Thorsten
Department of Oral Biotechnology, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
Cell Tissue Res. 2014 Sep;357(3):515-26. doi: 10.1007/s00441-014-1945-2. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
Mechanobiology is a scientific interface discipline emerging from engineering and biology. With regard to tissue-regenerative cell-based strategies, mechanobiological concepts, including biomechanics as a target for cell and human mesenchymal stem cell behaviour, are on the march. Based on the periodontium as a paradigm, this mini-review discusses the key role of focal-adhesion kinase (FAK) in mechanobiology, since it is involved in mediating the transformation of environmental biomechanical signals into cell behavioural responses via mechanotransducing signalling cascades. These processes enable cells to adjust quickly to environmental cues, whereas adjustment itself relies on the specific intramolecular phosphorylation of FAK tyrosine residues and the multiple interactions of FAK with distinct partners. Furthermore, interaction-triggered mechanotransducing pathways govern the dynamics of focal adhesion sites and cell behaviour. Facets of behaviour not only include cell spreading and motility, but also proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In translational terms, identified and characterized biomechanical parameters can be incorporated into innovative concepts of cell- and tissue-tailored clinically applied biomaterials controlling cell behaviour as desired.
机械生物学是一门从工程学和生物学中衍生出来的科学交叉学科。关于基于组织再生细胞的策略，机械生物学概念，包括将生物力学作为细胞和人间充质干细胞行为的一个靶点，正在不断发展。以牙周组织为范例，本综述讨论了粘着斑激酶（FAK）在机械生物学中的关键作用，因为它通过机械转导信号级联反应参与介导环境生物力学信号向细胞行为反应的转化。这些过程使细胞能够快速适应环境线索，而这种适应本身依赖于FAK酪氨酸残基的特定分子内磷酸化以及FAK与不同伙伴的多种相互作用。此外，相互作用触发的机械转导途径控制着粘着斑位点的动态变化和细胞行为。行为方面不仅包括细胞铺展和运动，还包括增殖、分化和凋亡。从转化医学的角度来看，已确定和表征的生物力学参数可以纳入创新概念中，即根据需要定制细胞和组织的临床应用生物材料，以控制细胞行为。
