Szablewski Leszek
General Biology and Parasitology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2014 Sep;22(1):182-91. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.033. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
The immune system is the body's natural defense system against invading pathogens. It protects the body from infection and works to communicate an individual's well-being through a complex network of interconnected cells and cytokines. This system is an associated host defense. An uncontrolled immune system has the potential to trigger negative complications in the host. Type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of pancreatic β-cells by a β-cell-specific autoimmune process. Examples of β-cell autoantigens are insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, and insulinoma antigen. There are many autoimmune diseases, but type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the well-characterized autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms involved in the β-cell destruction are still not clear; it is generally believed that β-cell autoantigens, macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes are involved in the β-cell-specific autoimmune process. It is necessary to determine what exact factors are causing the immune system to become unregulated in such a manner as to promote an autoimmune response.
免疫系统是人体抵御入侵病原体的天然防御系统。它保护身体免受感染，并通过一个由相互连接的细胞和细胞因子组成的复杂网络来传达个体的健康状况。这个系统是一种相关的宿主防御。不受控制的免疫系统有可能在宿主体内引发负面并发症。1型糖尿病是由β细胞特异性自身免疫过程导致胰腺β细胞破坏引起的。β细胞自身抗原的例子有胰岛素、谷氨酸脱羧酶、酪氨酸磷酸酶和胰岛素瘤抗原。自身免疫性疾病有很多，但1型糖尿病是特征明确的自身免疫性疾病之一。β细胞破坏所涉及的机制仍不清楚；一般认为，β细胞自身抗原、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞参与了β细胞特异性自身免疫过程。有必要确定究竟是什么因素导致免疫系统以促进自身免疫反应的方式变得不受调节。
