Oliveira Isabel B, Beiras Ricardo, Thomas Kevin V, Suter Marc J-F, Barroso Carlos M
Biology Department and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal,
Ecotoxicology. 2014 Sep;23(7):1336-44. doi: 10.1007/s10646-014-1276-9. Epub 2014 Jul 4.
A need for environmentally acceptable alternative antifouling (AF) biocides has arisen through restrictions in the use of many common biocides in the European Union through the Biocidal Product Regulation (Regulation EU No. 528/2012). Three such alternatives are triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), tralopyril and capsaicin. This study aims at extending the available information on the toxicity of these three emerging AF biocides to key marine invertebrates. Here we investigate the toxicity of tralopyril and capsaicin to the early life stages of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and also of tralopyril, capsaicin and TPBP to the early life stages of the copepod Tisbe battagliai. The EC50 that causes abnormal development of mussel's D-veliger larvae and impairs the growth of sea urchin pluteus larvae are respectively 3.1 and 3.0 μg/L for tralopyril and 3,868 and 5,248 μg/L for capsaicin. Regarding the copepod T. battagliai, the LC50 was 0.9 μg/L for tralopyril, 1,252 μg/L for capsaicin and 14 μg/L for TPBP. The results obtained for the three substances are compared to a reference AF biocide, tributyltin (TBT), and their ecological risk evaluated. These compounds pose a lower environmental risk than TBT but still, our results suggest that tralopyril and TPBP may represent a considerable threat to the ecosystems.
由于欧盟通过《生物杀灭剂产品法规》（欧盟第528/2012号法规）对许多常见生物杀灭剂的使用进行了限制，因此出现了对环境可接受的替代防污（AF）生物杀灭剂的需求。三种这样的替代品是三苯基硼烷吡啶（TPBP）、氯吡脲和辣椒素。本研究旨在扩展关于这三种新兴AF生物杀灭剂对关键海洋无脊椎动物毒性的现有信息。在这里，我们研究了氯吡脲和辣椒素对贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis和海胆Paracentrotus lividus早期生命阶段的毒性，以及氯吡脲、辣椒素和TPBP对桡足类Tisbe battagliai早期生命阶段的毒性。氯吡脲导致贻贝D形幼虫发育异常并损害海胆长腕幼虫生长的EC50分别为3.1和3.0μg/L，辣椒素分别为3868和5248μg/L。对于桡足类T. battagliai，氯吡脲的LC50为0.9μg/L，辣椒素为1252μg/L，TPBP为14μg/L。将这三种物质获得的结果与参考AF生物杀灭剂三丁基锡（TBT）进行比较，并评估它们的生态风险。这些化合物对环境构成的风险低于TBT，但我们的结果仍然表明，氯吡脲和TPBP可能对生态系统构成相当大的威胁。
