Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada ; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Jun 18;8:453. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00453. eCollection 2014.
The frontal lobes are involved in many higher-order cognitive functions such as social cognition executive functions and language and speech. These functions are complex and follow a prolonged developmental course from childhood through to early adulthood. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is ideal for the study of development of these functions, due to its combination of temporal and spatial resolution which allows the determination of age-related changes in both neural timing and location. There are several challenges for MEG developmental studies: to design tasks appropriate to capture the neurodevelopmental trajectory of these cognitive functions, and to develop appropriate analysis strategies to capture various aspects of neuromagnetic frontal lobe activity. Here, we review our MEG research on social and executive functions, and speech in typically developing children and in two clinical groups - children with autism spectrum disorder and children born very preterm. The studies include facial emotional processing, inhibition, visual short-term memory, speech production, and resting-state networks. We present data from event-related analyses as well as on oscillations and connectivity analyses and review their contributions to understanding frontal lobe cognitive development. We also discuss the challenges of testing young children in the MEG and the development of age-appropriate technologies and paradigms.
额叶参与许多高级认知功能，如社会认知、执行功能以及语言和言语。这些功能很复杂，其发展过程从儿童期持续到成年早期。由于脑磁图（MEG）具有时间和空间分辨率的结合，能够确定神经时间和位置的年龄相关变化，因此非常适合研究这些功能的发展。MEG 发展研究面临着一些挑战：设计适当的任务以捕捉这些认知功能的神经发育轨迹，并开发适当的分析策略以捕捉额磁活动的各个方面。在这里，我们回顾了我们在正常发育儿童和两个临床群体（自闭症谱系障碍儿童和极早产儿儿童）中进行的有关社会和执行功能以及言语的 MEG 研究。这些研究包括面部情绪处理、抑制、视觉短期记忆、言语产生和静息状态网络。我们展示了来自事件相关分析以及关于振荡和连通性分析的数据，并回顾了它们对理解额叶认知发展的贡献。我们还讨论了在 MEG 中测试幼儿的挑战，以及开发适合年龄的技术和范式的问题。
