Wall Catherine L, Gearry Richard B, Pearson John, Parnell Winsome, Skidmore Paula M L
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2014 Jul 4;127(1397):30-40.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in New Zealand, but risk factors may be decreased by consuming a heart healthy diet. This pilot study investigated whether participants met the guidelines for a heart healthy diet and whether a novel heart healthy dietary pattern could be identified using principal components analysis (PCA). The second aim of this project was to assess if higher education, standard of living and nutrition literacy are associated with a heart healthy dietary pattern.
This exploratory study was undertaken using data from the first participants enrolled in the Canterbury Health Ageing and Lifecourse study: an observational study of 50 year olds in the Canterbury District Health Board region. Eighty-two people were selected from the General and Maori electoral role and interviewed prior to the 22 February 2011 Christchurch Earthquake. PCA was conducted to identify dietary patterns, based on intake of specific nutrients as indicated by the New Zealand and international heart healthy dietary guidelines.
62 participants completed questionnaires and an estimated food record. No participants met all five of the heart healthy dietary guidelines. One dietary pattern was produced by PCA: a "higher CVD risk" pattern. Regression analysis indicated that higher standard of living, education and nutrition literacy were inversely associated with a "higher CVD risk" pattern.
Higher standard of living, education and nutrition literacy were associated with a healthier dietary eating pattern. However, as no participants met all the dietary recommendations more education and support is needed to help people meet these.
心血管疾病是新西兰的主要死因，但通过食用有益心脏健康的饮食可降低风险因素。这项试点研究调查了参与者是否符合有益心脏健康饮食的指南，以及是否可以使用主成分分析（PCA）确定一种新的有益心脏健康的饮食模式。该项目的第二个目的是评估高等教育、生活水平和营养素养是否与有益心脏健康的饮食模式相关。
本探索性研究使用了坎特伯雷健康老龄化与生命历程研究中首批参与者的数据，该研究是对坎特伯雷地区卫生委员会辖区内50岁人群的一项观察性研究。从普通选民和毛利人选民名单中选取了82人，并在2011年2月22日克赖斯特彻奇地震前进行了访谈。根据新西兰和国际有益心脏健康饮食指南所指示的特定营养素摄入量，进行主成分分析以确定饮食模式。
62名参与者完成了问卷调查和估计食物记录。没有参与者符合所有五项有益心脏健康的饮食指南。主成分分析产生了一种饮食模式：“心血管疾病风险较高”模式。回归分析表明，较高的生活水平、教育程度和营养素养与“心血管疾病风险较高”模式呈负相关。
较高的生活水平、教育程度和营养素养与更健康的饮食模式相关。然而，由于没有参与者符合所有饮食建议，因此需要更多的教育和支持来帮助人们达到这些建议。
