Kalkan Indrani, Saleki Neda, Alpat Yavaş İdil, Pehlivan Merve, Gündüz Nedime
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025 May-Jun;44(4):353-365. doi: 10.1080/27697061.2024.2435039. Epub 2024 Dec 18.
This study aimed to examine the association of nutritional literacy levels and sustainable nutritional behaviors with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in the Turkish adult population.
Sociodemographic information, disease history, nutritional habits, and physical activity levels of 3146 volunteer individuals (male = 1590, female = 1556) between the ages of 40-75 were collected using a questionnaire form and face-to-face interviews. The sustainable nutritional behaviors of the participants were evaluated using Turkish validated scales for Sustainable and Healthy Eating Behavior (SHE) and nutritional literacy levels with the Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA). Cardiovascular disease risks of the participants were assessed with the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Estimator program and the Heart Score (SCORE) scale and type-2 diabetes risk with the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC). Each participant's 24-h food consumption record was obtained using the retrospective recall method.
It was determined that ASCVD and SCORE levels were significantly higher in males compared to females. It was observed that individuals with lower cardiovascular and diabetes risk scores had higher educational levels, and the risks increased significantly with age ( < 0.05). Anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, and waist hip circumference were significantly higher in those with higher cardiovascular and diabetes risk scores. Furthermore, in individuals with higher SCORE and FINDRISC levels, SHE and EINLA scores were significantly lower ( < 0.05). It was also observed that SCORE and diabetes risk scores increased with higher energy and macronutrient intakes.
The risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes was associated with sustainable nutritional behaviors and nutritional literacy. It may be suggested that increasing nutritional literacy and encouraging sustainable nutritional behaviors may be effective strategies in the management and reduction of the prevalence of certain chronic diseases.KEY TEACHING POINTSCardiovascular diseases and diabetes are two major chronic conditions that can be managed and treated through proper nutrition.Increased nutritional literacy levels and sustainable dietary habits may result in reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.Nutritionists should assess the patients' nutrition literacy levels and implement sustainable, health-focused nutrition education programs to enhance their understanding of nutrition.
本研究旨在探讨土耳其成年人群的营养素养水平和可持续营养行为与患心血管疾病和糖尿病风险之间的关联。
采用问卷形式和面对面访谈，收集了3146名年龄在40 - 75岁之间的志愿者（男性 = 1590名，女性 = 1556名）的社会人口统计学信息、疾病史、营养习惯和身体活动水平。使用土耳其验证的可持续健康饮食行为（SHE）量表评估参与者的可持续营养行为，并用成人营养素养评估工具（EINLA）评估营养素养水平。使用动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）风险评估程序和心脏评分（SCORE）量表评估参与者的心血管疾病风险，并用芬兰糖尿病风险评分（FINDRISC）评估2型糖尿病风险。采用回顾性回忆法获取每位参与者的24小时食物消费记录。
确定男性的ASCVD和SCORE水平显著高于女性。观察到心血管疾病和糖尿病风险评分较低的个体教育水平较高，且风险随年龄显著增加（P < 0.05）。心血管疾病和糖尿病风险评分较高者的体重指数、腰臀围等人体测量指标显著更高。此外，在SCORE和FINDRISC水平较高的个体中，SHE和EINLA评分显著更低（P < 0.05）。还观察到SCORE和糖尿病风险评分随着能量和常量营养素摄入量的增加而升高。
患心血管疾病和糖尿病的风险与可持续营养行为和营养素养相关。可能建议提高营养素养并鼓励可持续营养行为可能是管理和降低某些慢性病患病率的有效策略。
关键教学要点
心血管疾病和糖尿病是两种主要的慢性病，可通过适当的营养进行管理和治疗。
提高营养素养水平和养成可持续的饮食习惯可能会降低患心血管疾病和糖尿病的风险。
营养学家应评估患者的营养素养水平，并实施以健康为重点的可持续营养教育计划，以增强他们对营养的理解。
