Hodgkinson Kendra M, Vanderhyden Barbara C
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Cancer Therapeutics , 501 Smyth Road, 3rd Floor, Box 926, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6 , Canada.
Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2014 Sep;18(9):1065-76. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2014.936382. Epub 2014 Jul 5.
Steroid hormones increase the incidence and promote the progression of many types of cancer. Exogenous estrogens increase the risk of developing breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer and many breast cancers initially respond to estrogen deprivation. Although steroid hormone signaling has been extensively studied, the mechanisms of hormone-stimulated cancer growth have not yet been fully elucidated, limiting opportunities for novel approaches to therapeutic intervention.
This review examines growing evidence for the important role played by the steroid hormone-induced gene called GREB1, or growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1. GREB1 is a critical mediator of both the estrogen-stimulated proliferation of breast cancer cells and the androgen-stimulated proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
Although its exact function in the cascade of hormone action remains unclear, the ability of GREB1 to modulate tumor progression in models of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer renders this gene an excellent candidate for further consideration as a potential therapeutic target. Research examining the mechanism of GREB1 action will help to elucidate its role in proliferation and its potential contribution to endocrine resistance and will determine whether GREB1 interference may have therapeutic efficacy.
类固醇激素会增加多种癌症的发病率并促进其进展。外源性雌激素会增加患乳腺癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的风险，许多乳腺癌最初对雌激素剥夺有反应。尽管类固醇激素信号传导已得到广泛研究，但激素刺激癌症生长的机制尚未完全阐明，这限制了新型治疗干预方法的机会。
本综述探讨了越来越多的证据，表明一种名为GREB1（即乳腺癌中雌激素调节生长1）的类固醇激素诱导基因发挥着重要作用。GREB1是雌激素刺激的乳腺癌细胞增殖和雄激素刺激的前列腺癌细胞增殖的关键介质。
尽管GREB1在激素作用级联反应中的确切功能尚不清楚，但GREB1在乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌模型中调节肿瘤进展的能力，使该基因成为进一步考虑作为潜在治疗靶点的极佳候选基因。研究GREB1作用机制将有助于阐明其在增殖中的作用及其对内分泌抵抗的潜在贡献，并将确定干扰GREB1是否可能具有治疗效果。
