Béchaux Camille, Bodin Laurent, Clémençon Stéphan, Crépet Amélie
ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, 27-31 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, 27-31 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Sep 15;279(3):364-372. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.026. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
As cadmium accumulates mainly in kidney, urinary concentrations are considered as relevant data to assess the risk related to cadmium. The French Nutrition and Health Survey (ENNS) recorded the concentration of cadmium in the urine of the French population. However, as with all biomonitoring data, it needs to be linked to external exposure for it to be interpreted in term of sources of exposure and for risk management purposes. The objective of this work is thus to interpret the cadmium biomonitoring data of the French population in terms of dietary and cigarette smoke exposures. Dietary and smoking habits recorded in the ENNS study were combined with contamination levels in food and cigarettes to assess individual exposures. A PBPK model was used in a Bayesian population model to link this external exposure with the measured urinary concentrations. In this model, the level of the past exposure was corrected thanks to a scaling function which account for a trend in the French dietary exposure. It resulted in a modelling which was able to explain the current urinary concentrations measured in the French population through current and past exposure levels. Risk related to cadmium exposure in the general French population was then assessed from external and internal critical values corresponding to kidney effects. The model was also applied to predict the possible urinary concentrations of the French population in 2030 assuming there will be no more changes in the exposures levels. This scenario leads to significantly lower concentrations and consequently lower related risk.
由于镉主要蓄积在肾脏中，尿镉浓度被视为评估镉相关风险的重要数据。法国营养与健康调查（ENNS）记录了法国人群尿镉浓度。然而，与所有生物监测数据一样，为了从暴露源角度进行解读并用于风险管理，需要将其与外部暴露联系起来。因此，这项工作的目的是从饮食和香烟烟雾暴露方面解读法国人群的镉生物监测数据。将ENNS研究中记录的饮食和吸烟习惯与食品和香烟中的污染水平相结合，以评估个体暴露情况。在贝叶斯人群模型中使用生理药代动力学（PBPK）模型，将这种外部暴露与测量的尿镉浓度联系起来。在该模型中，借助一个考虑了法国饮食暴露趋势的缩放函数对过去的暴露水平进行了校正。这导致了一个能够通过当前和过去的暴露水平来解释法国人群中当前测量的尿镉浓度的模型。然后根据与肾脏效应相关的外部和内部临界值评估了法国普通人群镉暴露的风险。该模型还被应用于预测假设暴露水平不再变化的情况下，2030年法国人群可能的尿镉浓度。这种情况会导致浓度显著降低，从而降低相关风险。
