Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr, 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Institute of Sports Science, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany.
J Eat Disord. 2013 May 30;1:18. doi: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-18. eCollection 2013.
Weight-control behaviour is commonly observed in a wide range of elite sports, especially leanness sports, where control over body weight is crucial for high peak performance. Nonetheless, there is only a fine line between purely functional behaviour and clinically relevant eating disorders. Especially the rapid form of weight manipulation seems to foster later eating disorders. So far, most studies have focussed on adult athletes and concentrated on manifest eating disorders. In contrast, our review concentrates on young athletes and weight-control behaviour as a risk factor for eating disorders. An electronic search according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement was performed using Pubmed, PsychInfo and Spolit. The following search terms were used: weight-control, weight-control behaviour, weight gain, weight loss, pathogenic weight-control behaviour and weight-concerns, each of them combined with elite athlete, young elite athlete, adolescent elite athlete and elite sports. Overall, data are inconsistent. In general, athletes do not seem to be at a higher risk for pathogenic weight concerns and weight-control behaviour. It does seem to be more prevalent in leanness sports, though. There is evidence for pathogenic weight-control behaviour in both genders; male athletes mostly trying to gain weight whereas females emphasise weight reduction. There is not enough data to make predictions about connections with age of onset. Young elite athletes do show weight-control behaviour with varying degrees of frequency and severity. In particular, leanness sports seem to be a risk factor for weight manipulation. Further research is needed for more details and possible connections.
体重控制行为在广泛的精英运动中很常见，尤其是在瘦体重运动中，控制体重对高峰表现至关重要。然而，纯粹的功能性行为和临床相关的饮食失调之间只有一线之隔。特别是快速的体重操纵形式似乎会助长后来的饮食失调。到目前为止，大多数研究都集中在成年运动员身上，并集中在明显的饮食失调上。相比之下，我们的综述集中在年轻运动员和体重控制行为作为饮食失调的风险因素上。根据 PRISMA（系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目）声明，使用 Pubmed、PsychInfo 和 Spolit 进行了电子搜索。使用了以下搜索词：体重控制、体重控制行为、体重增加、体重减轻、病理性体重控制行为和体重担忧，每个词都与精英运动员、年轻精英运动员、青少年精英运动员和精英运动相结合。总的来说，数据不一致。一般来说，运动员似乎没有更高的病理性体重担忧和体重控制行为风险。然而，在瘦体重运动中，这种情况似乎更为普遍。有证据表明两性都存在病理性体重控制行为；男性运动员大多试图增加体重，而女性则强调减肥。没有足够的数据来预测发病年龄的相关性。年轻的精英运动员确实表现出不同程度和严重程度的体重控制行为。特别是，瘦体重运动似乎是体重操纵的一个风险因素。需要进一步的研究来了解更多的细节和可能的联系。
