Daubresse Amandine, Meignie Alice, Antero Juliana, Hanon Christine, Mériaux-Scoffier Stéphanie
LAMHESS, UPR 6312, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
IRMES (EA 7329), INSEP, Paris, France.
Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 26;15:1423772. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1423772. eCollection 2024.
Research on sport psychology suggests that athletes are at risk of developing dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors (DEAB), however the origins of these behaviors remain largely unexplored. The present study aims to identify factors (i.e., personality traits, anxiety levels, eating attitudes and behaviors, the internalization of sport thinness norms, and resilience) associated with the development of DEAB among female endurance athletes, in training and competition.
A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted among 14 elite female athletes who were tested daily, weekly, and quarterly over 12 months in 2022, for a total of 545 measures. Participants completed questionnaires assessing personality traits, anxiety levels, eating attitudes and behaviors, the internalization of sport thinness norms, and resilience. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all study data, and odds ratios were conducted to compare the variance of psychological factors and sporting factors depending on the level of DEAB and the sport period. Significance was set at < 0.05.
Overall, 28% of our sample of athletes were identified with DEAB. Among those with DEAB, scores for agreeableness, anxiety, and competitive anxiety were significantly higher, while scores for resilience were significantly lower than those without DEAB. During the competitive season, scores for self-regulatory eating attitudes and the internalization of thinness norms were significantly higher than during the training period.
Our results suggest a greater probability of DEAB among athletes who exhibit the trait of agreeableness, experience anxiety during competition, and lack resilience. The competitive season was also identified as a period conducive for developing DEAB compared with the training period. Based on these results our study suggests preventive measures that can be implemented with athletes displaying these traits, with a particular emphasis during the competitive phase.
运动心理学研究表明，运动员有发展出功能失调的饮食态度和行为（DEAB）的风险，然而这些行为的起源在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究旨在确定与女性耐力运动员在训练和比赛中DEAB发展相关的因素（即人格特质、焦虑水平、饮食态度和行为、运动瘦身规范的内化以及恢复力）。
对14名精英女运动员进行了一项纵向随访研究，在2022年的12个月里，她们每天、每周和每季度接受测试，总共进行了545次测量。参与者完成了评估人格特质、焦虑水平、饮食态度和行为、运动瘦身规范的内化以及恢复力的问卷。对所有研究数据进行了描述性统计，并进行了优势比分析，以比较取决于DEAB水平和运动时期的心理因素和运动因素的差异。显著性设定为<0.05。
总体而言，我们的运动员样本中有28%被确定为患有DEAB。在患有DEAB的人中，宜人性、焦虑和竞争性焦虑的得分显著更高，而恢复力得分显著低于没有DEAB的人。在比赛季节，自我调节饮食态度和瘦身规范内化的得分显著高于训练期。
我们的结果表明，表现出宜人性特质、在比赛中经历焦虑且缺乏恢复力的运动员患DEAB的可能性更大。与训练期相比，比赛季节也被确定为有利于发展DEAB的时期。基于这些结果，我们的研究提出了可以对表现出这些特质的运动员实施的预防措施，在比赛阶段尤其要加以强调。
