Kersten Paula, McCambridge Alana, M Kayes Nicola, Theadom Alice, McPherson Kathryn M
Person Centred Research Centre, School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland , New Zealand .
Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(7):563-70. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.935874. Epub 2014 Jul 7.
To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of if-then implementation intentions (if-then plans) in adult patient populations. Outcomes of interest included adherence, goal pursuit and physical health outcomes.
Keywords were used to search electronic databases without date or language restrictions (up to 30 April 2014). Studies were included if they (1) concerned a patient population; (2) used if-then plans as a sole intervention or as part of treatment, therapy or rehabilitation; (3) if they were randomised controlled trials. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate study quality. Guidance as set out by the Cochrane Collaboration was used. Two reviewers independently extracted data, discrepancies were discussed and if required referred to a third reviewer.
In total, 18 of the 2141 articles were identified as potentially relevant and four studies of people with epilepsy, chronic back pain, stroke and obesity met the inclusion criteria. People who form if-then plans achieved better outcomes on epilepsy and stroke medication adherence and physical capacity than controls.
Of the four studies that used an if-then plan, only one (people with epilepsy) looked at the intervention as a stand-alone strategy. Further research needs to explore if this simple approach improves rehabilitation outcomes and is a helpful and feasible strategy for people experiencing disabilities. Implications for Rehabilitation Steps involved in achieving goals, such as doing exercises or completing other goal related tasks, can be compromised for people with chronic health conditions particularly resulting from difficulties in self-regulating behaviour. If-then plans are implementation intention tools aimed at supporting people to deal more effectively with self-regulatory problems that might undermine goal striving and goal attainment, and have been found to be effective in health promotion and health behaviour change. This systematic literature review identified four studies completed with patient populations, with three demonstrating effectiveness. If-then plans provide an opportunity for clinicians to develop better ways of implementing rehabilitation.
评估成人患者群体中“如果-那么”实施意图（如果-那么计划）有效性的证据。感兴趣的结果包括依从性、目标追求和身体健康结果。
使用关键词检索电子数据库，无日期或语言限制（截至2014年4月30日）。纳入的研究需满足以下条件：（1）涉及患者群体；（2）将如果-那么计划作为唯一干预措施或作为治疗、疗法或康复的一部分；（3）为随机对照试验。使用PEDro量表评估研究质量。采用Cochrane协作网制定的指南。两名评审员独立提取数据，如有分歧进行讨论，必要时咨询第三名评审员。
在2141篇文章中，共识别出18篇可能相关的文章，4项针对癫痫、慢性背痛、中风和肥胖患者的研究符合纳入标准。制定如果-那么计划的人在癫痫和中风药物依从性及身体能力方面比对照组取得了更好的结果。
在使用如果-那么计划的4项研究中，只有1项（癫痫患者）将干预措施视为独立策略。需要进一步研究这种简单方法是否能改善康复结果，以及对残疾人士是否是一种有益且可行的策略。对康复的启示对于患有慢性健康问题的人来说，实现目标所涉及的步骤，如锻炼或完成其他与目标相关的任务，可能会受到影响，特别是由于自我行为调节困难所致。如果-那么计划是旨在帮助人们更有效地应对可能破坏目标追求和目标实现的自我调节问题的实施意图工具，并且已被证明在健康促进和健康行为改变方面有效。这项系统的文献综述确定了4项针对患者群体完成的研究，其中3项证明了有效性。如果-那么计划为临床医生提供了开发更好的康复实施方法的机会。
