Diggle Pamela K
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3043, USA
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 Aug 19;369(1649):20130253. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0253.
Within-individual variation in virtually every conceivable morphological and functional feature of reiterated structures is a pervasive feature of plant phenotypes. In particular, architectural effects, regular, repeatable patterns of intra-individual variation in form and function that are associated with position are nearly ubiquitous. Yet, flowers also are predicted to be highly integrated. For animal-pollinated plants, the coordination of multiple organs within each flower is required to achieve the complex functions of pollinator attraction and orientation, pollen donation and pollen receipt. To the extent that pollinators may select for multiple independent functions, phenotypic integration within flowers may also be modular. That is, subsets of floral structures may be integrated but vary independently of other subsets of structures that are themselves integrated. How can phenotypic integration and modularity be understood within the context of architectural effects? This essay reviews recent research on patterns of floral integration and modularity and explores the potential for spatial and temporal changes in the selective environment of individual flowers to result in positional variation in patterns of morphological integration.
植物表型的一个普遍特征是，几乎每一个可以想象到的重复结构的形态和功能特征都存在个体内部变异。特别是，建筑效应，即与位置相关的个体内部形式和功能的规则、可重复的变异模式，几乎无处不在。然而，花朵也被认为是高度整合的。对于动物传粉的植物来说，每朵花内多个器官的协调是实现吸引传粉者和引导传粉者、花粉捐赠和花粉接收等复杂功能所必需的。在传粉者可能选择多种独立功能的程度上，花内的表型整合也可能是模块化的。也就是说，花结构的子集可能是整合的，但与其他本身整合的结构子集独立变化。如何在建筑效应的背景下理解表型整合和模块化？本文回顾了最近关于花整合和模块化模式的研究，并探讨了个体花的选择环境中的空间和时间变化导致形态整合模式位置变异的可能性。
