Yuk Jae-Min, Jo Eun-Kyeong
Department of Microbiology and Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2014 Jul;3(2):155-67. doi: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.2.155. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide health problem, causing around 2 million deaths per year. Despite the bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine being available for more than 80 years, it has limited effectiveness in preventing TB, with inconsistent results in trials. This highlights the urgent need to develop an improved TB vaccine, based on a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses during mycobacterial infection. Recent studies have revealed a potential role for autophagy, an intracellular homeostatic process, in vaccine development against TB, through enhanced immune activation. This review attempts to understand the host innate immune responses induced by a variety of protein antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and to identify future vaccine candidates against TB. We focus on recent advances in vaccine development strategies, through identification of new TB antigens using a variety of innovative tools. A new understanding of the host-pathogen relationship, and the usefulness of mycobacterial antigens as novel vaccine candidates, will contribute to the design of the next generation of vaccines, and to improving the host protective immune responses while limiting immunopathology during M. tuberculosis infection.
结核病仍然是一个全球性的健康问题，每年导致约200万人死亡。尽管卡介苗已经问世80多年，但它在预防结核病方面效果有限，试验结果并不一致。这凸显了基于对分枝杆菌感染期间宿主-病原体相互作用和免疫反应的更好理解来开发改进型结核病疫苗的迫切需求。最近的研究揭示了自噬（一种细胞内稳态过程）通过增强免疫激活在结核病疫苗开发中的潜在作用。本综述试图了解结核分枝杆菌的多种蛋白质抗原诱导的宿主固有免疫反应，并确定未来的结核病候选疫苗。我们通过使用各种创新工具鉴定新的结核抗原，关注疫苗开发策略的最新进展。对宿主-病原体关系的新认识以及分枝杆菌抗原作为新型候选疫苗的实用性，将有助于设计下一代疫苗，并在结核分枝杆菌感染期间增强宿主保护性免疫反应的同时限制免疫病理学。
