Bomanji Jamshed B, Novruzov Fuad, Vinjamuri Sobhan
aInstitute of Nuclear Medicine University College Hospital bThe Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK cDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Azerbaijan National Centre of Oncology, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Nucl Med Commun. 2014 Oct;35(10):995-1002. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000000156.
Large-scale radiation accidents are few in number, but those that have occurred have subsequently led to strict regulation in most countries. Here, different accident scenarios involving exposure to radiation have been reviewed. A triage of injured persons has been summarized and guidance on management has been provided in accordance with the early symptoms. Types of casualty to be expected in atomic blasts have been discussed. Management at the scene of an accident has been described, with explanation of the role of the radiation protection officer, the nature of contaminants, and monitoring for surface contamination. Methods for early diagnosis of radiation injuries have been then described. The need for individualization of treatment according to the nature and grade of the combined injuries has been emphasized, and different approaches to the treatment of internal contamination have been presented. The role of nuclear medicine professionals, including physicians and physicists, has been reviewed. It has been concluded that the management of radiation accidents is a very challenging process and that nuclear medicine physicians have to be well organized in order to deliver suitable management in any type of radiation accident.
大规模辐射事故数量稀少，但已发生的事故随后促使大多数国家实施了严格监管。在此，对涉及辐射暴露的不同事故场景进行了回顾。总结了受伤人员的分诊情况，并根据早期症状提供了管理指导。讨论了原子弹爆炸中预期的伤亡类型。描述了事故现场的管理情况，解释了辐射防护官员的职责、污染物的性质以及表面污染监测。接着介绍了辐射损伤的早期诊断方法。强调了根据复合伤的性质和程度进行个体化治疗的必要性，并介绍了治疗体内污染的不同方法。回顾了包括医生和物理学家在内的核医学专业人员的作用。得出的结论是，辐射事故的管理是一个极具挑战性的过程，核医学医生必须组织有序，以便在任何类型的辐射事故中提供适当的管理。
