Sherwell Sarah, Reid Susan M, Reddihough Dinah S, Wrennall Jacquie, Ong Ben, Stargatt Robyn
Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Psychological Science, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Oct;35(10):2558-67. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.019. Epub 2014 Jul 5.
Standard intelligence tests such as the WPPSI-III have limitations when testing children with motor impairment. This study aimed to determine the proportion of children with cerebral palsy with sufficient verbal and motor skills to complete the WPPSI-III, to determine their comparative ability to complete tasks with and without a significant motor component, and to investigate short forms of the WPPSI-III as alternatives. Participants were 78 of 235 eligible 4-5 year old children with cerebral palsy resident in the Australian state of Victoria. Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full-scale IQ (FSIQ) were determined using the WPPSI-III. Initial screening for pointing and verbal abilities determined which tests were attempted. The impact of speed was investigated by comparing scores on the Block Design subtest with and without an imposed time limit. FSIQ scores were calculated from two short forms of the WPPSI-III and compared to the full form. On screening, 16 children had inadequate pointing (14) and verbal abilities (2). FSIQ was obtained in 62 (82%) children. Strong associations were seen between completion of the entire test battery and topographical pattern, level of manual ability and level of gross motor function. Scores on subtests requiring manual ability were depressed relative to other scores. Children performed better using short forms of the WPPSI-III and, for a minority, when time limits were disregarded. In summary, children with cerebral palsy often lack the fine and gross motor skills necessary to complete the WPPSI-III, scoring relatively poorly on tasks requiring a fine motor response. Using short-form estimations of FSIQ comprised of subtests without a significant fine motor component has the potential to increase a child's FSIQ by approximately 5 points. These findings have important clinical implications when assessing a child with both motor and cognitive limitations.
像韦氏学前及初小儿童智力量表第三版（WPPSI-III）这样的标准智力测试在对有运动障碍的儿童进行测试时存在局限性。本研究旨在确定有足够语言和运动技能来完成WPPSI-III的脑瘫儿童比例，确定他们在有和没有显著运动成分的任务中的比较完成能力，并研究WPPSI-III的简短形式作为替代方案。参与者是居住在澳大利亚维多利亚州的235名符合条件的4至5岁脑瘫儿童中的78名。使用WPPSI-III确定言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）和全量表智商（FSIQ）。通过对指物和语言能力的初步筛查来确定尝试哪些测试。通过比较有和没有设定时间限制的积木设计分测验的分数来研究速度的影响。FSIQ分数由WPPSI-III的两种简短形式计算得出，并与完整形式进行比较。在筛查中，16名儿童的指物（14名）和语言能力（2名）不足。62名（82%）儿童获得了FSIQ。在完成整个测试组与地形模式、手部能力水平和粗大运动功能水平之间发现了强烈的关联。需要手部能力的分测验分数相对于其他分数较低。儿童使用WPPSI-III的简短形式表现更好，少数儿童在不考虑时间限制时表现更好。总之，脑瘫儿童通常缺乏完成WPPSI-III所需的精细和粗大运动技能，在需要精细运动反应的任务上得分相对较低。使用由没有显著精细运动成分的分测验组成的FSIQ简短形式估计有可能使儿童的FSIQ提高约5分。这些发现对评估有运动和认知限制的儿童具有重要的临床意义。
