Xiao J B, Högger P
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Universität Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
Curr Med Chem. 2015;22(1):23-38. doi: 10.2174/0929867321666140706130807.
Significant evidence suggests that polyphenol-rich diets have the ability to protect against diabetes. Since several previous reviews focused on the nutrition and health effects including type 2 diabetes of polyphenols in 2007-2008, a number of related original publications have been pulished in this field. This review summarizes important advances related to influence of dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich diets on preventing and managing type 2 diabetes, as well as diabetes-mediated changes in bioactivities of dietary polyphenols. It appears that anthocyanins or anthocyanin-rich food intake is related to the risk of type 2 diabetes, but there is no association for other polyphenol subclasses. It is discussed that procyanidins are more active when administered individually than when mixed with food. The benefits of dietary polyphenols for type 2 diabetes can be summarized as: protection of pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, inhibition of α-amylases or α- glucosidases and thus decrease of starch digestion, and inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation. Moreover, type 2 diabetes also significantly influences the benefits of dietary polyphenols, although there are very limited studies have been conducted so far. How type 2 diabetes impacts the pharmacology of dietary polyphenols is not well understood. Comprehension of type 2 diabetes-mediated changes in pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of dietary polyphenols might lead to improve the benefits of these phytochemicals and subsequent clinical outcomes for type 2 diabetics.
大量证据表明，富含多酚的饮食具有预防糖尿病的能力。自2007 - 2008年之前的几篇综述关注了多酚的营养和健康影响，包括对2型糖尿病的影响以来，该领域已发表了许多相关的原始出版物。本综述总结了饮食多酚和富含多酚的饮食在预防和管理2型糖尿病方面的重要进展，以及糖尿病介导的饮食多酚生物活性变化。似乎花青素或富含花青素的食物摄入与2型糖尿病风险有关，但其他多酚亚类则无关联。讨论了原花青素单独给药时比与食物混合时更具活性。饮食多酚对2型糖尿病的益处可总结为：保护胰腺β细胞免受葡萄糖毒性、抗炎和抗氧化作用、抑制α -淀粉酶或α -葡萄糖苷酶从而减少淀粉消化，以及抑制晚期糖基化终产物的形成。此外，2型糖尿病也显著影响饮食多酚的益处，尽管迄今为止进行的研究非常有限。2型糖尿病如何影响饮食多酚的药理学尚不清楚。了解2型糖尿病介导的饮食多酚药代动力学和生物活性变化可能会提高这些植物化学物质的益处以及2型糖尿病患者的后续临床结局。
