Pietroiusti A, Magrini A
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Occup Med (Lond). 2014 Jul;64(5):319-30. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqu051.
The novel physicochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) make them very attractive for industrial and biomedical purposes, but concerns have been raised regarding unpredictable adverse health effects in humans. Current evidence for the risk posed by ENPs to exposed workers is the subject of this review.
To perform an in-depth review of the state of art of nanoparticle exposure at work.
Original articles and reviews in Pubmed and in principal databases of medical literature up to 2013 were included in the analysis. In addition, grey literature released by qualified regulatory agencies and by governmental and non-governmental organizations was also taken into consideration.
There are significant knowledge and technical gaps to be filled for a reliable evaluation of the risk posed for workers by ENPs. Evidence for potential workplace release of ENPs however seems substantial, and the amount of exposure may exceed the proposed occupational exposure limits (OELs). The rational use of conventional engineering measures and of protective personal equipment seems to mitigate the risk.
A precautionary approach is recommended for workplace exposure to ENPs, until health-based OELs are developed and released by official regulatory agencies.
工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）的新型物理化学性质使其在工业和生物医学领域极具吸引力，但人们对其可能给人类带来不可预测的健康不良影响表示担忧。本文综述了ENPs对接触工人构成风险的现有证据。
深入综述工作场所纳米颗粒暴露的现状。
分析纳入了截至2013年在Pubmed及主要医学文献数据库中的原创文章和综述。此外，还考虑了合格监管机构以及政府和非政府组织发布的灰色文献。
要可靠评估ENPs给工人带来的风险，仍存在重大知识和技术空白。然而，有大量证据表明ENPs可能在工作场所释放，且接触量可能超过提议的职业接触限值（OELs）。合理使用传统工程措施和个人防护装备似乎可降低风险。
在官方监管机构制定并发布基于健康的OELs之前，建议对工作场所ENPs暴露采取预防措施。
