Friedman Eric A, Gostin Lawrence O, Buse Kent
O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center.
O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights.
Health Hum Rights. 2013 Jun 14;15(1):E71-86.
Organizations, partnerships, and alliances form the building blocks of global governance. Global health organizations thus have the potential to play a formative role in determining the extent to which people are able to realize their right to health. This article examines how major global health organizations, such as WHO, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, UNAIDS, and GAVI approach human rights concerns, including equality, accountability, and inclusive participation. We argue that organizational support for the right to health must transition from ad hoc and partial to permanent and comprehensive. Drawing on the literature and our knowledge of global health organizations, we offer good practices that point to ways in which such agencies can advance the right to health, covering nine areas: 1) participation and representation in governance processes; 2) leadership and organizational ethos; 3) internal policies; 4) norm-setting and promotion; 5) organizational leadership through advocacy and communication; 6) monitoring and accountability; 7) capacity building; 8) funding policies; and 9) partnerships and engagement. In each of these areas, we offer elements of a proposed Framework Convention on Global Health (FCGH), which would commit state parties to support these standards through their board membership and other interactions with these agencies. We also explain how the FCGH could incorporate these organizations into its overall financing framework, initiate a new forum where they collaborate with each other, as well as organizations in other regimes, to advance the right to health, and ensure sufficient funding for right to health capacity building. We urge major global health organizations to follow the leadership of the UN Secretary-General and UNAIDS to champion the FCGH. It is only through a rights-based approach, enshrined in a new Convention, that we can expect to achieve health for all in our lifetimes.
组织、伙伴关系和联盟构成了全球治理的基石。因此，全球卫生组织有潜力在决定人们能够在多大程度上实现其健康权方面发挥决定性作用。本文探讨了世界卫生组织、抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾全球基金、联合国艾滋病规划署以及全球疫苗免疫联盟等主要全球卫生组织如何处理人权问题，包括平等、问责制和包容性参与。我们认为，对健康权的组织支持必须从临时和部分支持转变为长期和全面支持。借鉴相关文献以及我们对全球卫生组织的了解，我们提出了一些良好做法，指出了这些机构推进健康权的途径，涵盖九个领域：1）治理过程中的参与和代表性；2）领导力和组织精神；3）内部政策；4）规范制定和推广；5）通过宣传和沟通发挥组织领导作用；6）监测和问责制；7）能力建设；8）资金政策；9）伙伴关系和参与。在每个领域，我们都提出了拟议的《全球健康框架公约》（FCGH）的要素，该公约将使缔约国通过其在这些机构的董事会成员身份及其他互动来支持这些标准。我们还解释了《全球健康框架公约》如何将这些组织纳入其总体融资框架，启动一个新的论坛，使它们相互协作，并与其他体系中的组织合作，以推进健康权，并确保为健康权能力建设提供充足资金。我们敦促主要全球卫生组织追随联合国秘书长和联合国艾滋病规划署的领导，倡导《全球健康框架公约》。只有通过一项新公约所体现的基于权利的方法，我们才能期望在有生之年实现全民健康。
