Gervásio Catiele Garcia, Bernuci Marcelo Picinin, Silva-de-Sá Marcos Felipe, Rosa-E-Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá
Sector of Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Apr 10;2014:818010. doi: 10.1155/2014/818010. eCollection 2014.
Background. Although chronic hyperandrogenism, a typical feature of polycystic ovary syndrome, is often associated with disturbed reproductive performance, androgens have been shown to promote ovarian follicle growth in shorter exposures. Here, we review the main effects of androgens on the regulation of early folliculogenesis and the potential of their application in improving follicular in vitro growth. Review. Androgens may affect folliculogenesis directly via androgen receptors (ARs) or indirectly through aromatization to estrogen. ARs are highly expressed in the granulosa and theca cells of early stage follicles and slightly expressed in mature follicles. Short-term androgen exposure augments FSH receptor expression in the granulosa cells of developing follicles and enhances the FSH-induced cAMP formation necessary for the transcription of genes involved in the control of follicular cell proliferation and differentiation. AR activation also increases insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and its receptor gene expression in the granulosa and theca cells of growing follicles and in the oocytes of primordial follicles, thus facilitating IGF-1 actions in both follicular recruitment and subsequent development. Conclusion. During the early and intermediate stages of follicular maturation, locally produced androgens facilitate the transition of follicles from the dormant to the growing pool as well as their further development.
背景。虽然慢性高雄激素血症是多囊卵巢综合征的典型特征，常与生殖功能紊乱相关，但雄激素在短期作用时已被证明可促进卵巢卵泡生长。在此，我们综述雄激素对早期卵泡发生调控的主要作用及其在改善卵泡体外生长方面的应用潜力。综述。雄激素可能通过雄激素受体（ARs）直接影响卵泡发生，或通过芳香化转化为雌激素间接发挥作用。ARs在早期卵泡的颗粒细胞和卵泡膜细胞中高度表达，在成熟卵泡中表达较弱。短期雄激素暴露可增加发育中卵泡颗粒细胞中FSH受体的表达，并增强FSH诱导的cAMP形成，这对于参与卵泡细胞增殖和分化控制的基因转录是必需的。AR激活还可增加生长卵泡的颗粒细胞和卵泡膜细胞以及原始卵泡卵母细胞中胰岛素样生长因子（IGF-1）及其受体基因的表达，从而促进IGF-1在卵泡募集和后续发育中的作用。结论。在卵泡成熟的早期和中期阶段，局部产生的雄激素有助于卵泡从静止池向生长池的转变及其进一步发育。
