Bickel W K, Moody L, Quisenberry A J, Ramey C T, Sheffer C E
Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA.
Prev Med. 2014 Nov;68:37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.032. Epub 2014 Jul 6.
We propose that executive dysfunction is an important component relating to the socio-economic status gradient of select health behaviors. We review and find evidence supporting an SES gradient associated with (1) negative health behaviors (e.g., obesity, excessive use of alcohol, tobacco and other substances), and (2) executive dysfunction. Moreover, the evidence supports that stress and insufficient cognitive resources contribute to executive dysfunction and that executive dysfunction is evident among individuals who smoke cigarettes, are obese, abuse alcohol, and use illicit drugs. Collectively these data support the dual system model of cognitive control, referred to here as the Competing Neurobehavioral Decision Systems hypothesis. The implications of these relationships for intervention and social justice considerations are discussed.
我们认为，执行功能障碍是与特定健康行为的社会经济地位梯度相关的一个重要组成部分。我们进行了综述并发现有证据支持与以下两方面相关的社会经济地位梯度：（1）负面健康行为（如肥胖、过度饮酒、吸烟及使用其他物质），以及（2）执行功能障碍。此外，有证据支持压力和认知资源不足会导致执行功能障碍，并且执行功能障碍在吸烟、肥胖、酗酒及使用非法药物的个体中很明显。总体而言，这些数据支持认知控制的双系统模型，在此称为竞争性神经行为决策系统假说。我们还讨论了这些关系对干预措施及社会公平考量的影响。
