Padrão Patrícia, Severo Milton, Damasceno Albertino, Silva-Matos Carla, Prista António, Azevedo Ana, Lunet Nuno
Institute of Public Health and.
Ann Hum Biol. 2015 Mar;42(2):159-66. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2014.932010. Epub 2014 Jul 10.
Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases tend to cluster, although evidence from settings under epidemiological transition is scarce.
To identify patterns of clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and to quantify their association with sociodemographic characteristics, in Mozambique.
A national representative sample (n = 3323) of subjects aged 25-64 years was evaluated in 2005, using the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). Patterns of joint exposure to high blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose, high body mass index, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, low fruit/vegetables intake and insufficient physical activity were identified through latent class analysis.
Three patterns were identified among women: (1) "healthier", lower frequency of most risk factors (53.0%); (2) "hypertension-overweight" (21.1%), more frequent among older and urban subjects; and (3) "hypertension-smoking-alcohol" (25.9%), whose frequency increased with age and decreased with education. In men, two clusters were identified: (1) "hypertension-overweight" (30.1%); and (2) "smoking" (69.9%). The frequency of the latter pattern was higher in urban areas and increased with age and education.
Hypertension, overweight/obesity, smoking and excessive alcohol intake defined the main clusters of cardiovascular risk factors. This should be considered when planning prevention and control strategies for cardiovascular diseases in Mozambique.
心血管疾病的风险因素往往聚集在一起，不过来自流行病学转变背景下的证据很少。
在莫桑比克识别心血管风险因素的聚集模式，并量化它们与社会人口学特征的关联。
2005年，采用世界卫生组织慢性病风险因素监测逐步方法（STEPS），对年龄在25 - 64岁的全国代表性样本（n = 3323）进行了评估。通过潜在类别分析确定了高血压、空腹血糖高、体重指数高、吸烟、过量饮酒、水果/蔬菜摄入量低和身体活动不足的联合暴露模式。
在女性中识别出三种模式：（1）“更健康”，大多数风险因素出现频率较低（53.0%）；（2）“高血压 - 超重”（21.1%），在年龄较大和城市人群中更常见；（3）“高血压 - 吸烟 - 饮酒”（25.9%），其频率随年龄增加而升高，随教育程度降低而降低。在男性中，识别出两个聚类：（1）“高血压 - 超重”（30.1%）；（2）“吸烟”（69.9%）。后一种模式在城市地区的频率更高，且随年龄和教育程度增加而升高。
高血压、超重/肥胖、吸烟和过量饮酒是心血管风险因素的主要聚类。在规划莫桑比克心血管疾病的预防和控制策略时应考虑到这一点。
