Dyre Jeppe C
DNRF Center "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Department of Sciences, Roskilde University , P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
J Phys Chem B. 2014 Aug 28;118(34):10007-24. doi: 10.1021/jp501852b. Epub 2014 Jul 25.
Recent developments show that many liquids and solids have an approximate "hidden" scale invariance that implies the existence of lines in the thermodynamic phase diagram, so-called isomorphs, along which structure and dynamics in properly reduced units are invariant to a good approximation. This means that the phase diagram becomes effectively one-dimensional with regard to several physical properties. Liquids and solids with isomorphs include most or all van der Waals bonded systems and metals, as well as weakly ionic or dipolar systems. On the other hand, systems with directional bonding (hydrogen bonds or covalent bonds) or strong Coulomb forces generally do not exhibit hidden scale invariance. The article reviews the theory behind this picture of condensed matter and the evidence for it coming from computer simulations and experiments.
最近的研究进展表明，许多液体和固体具有近似的“隐藏”尺度不变性，这意味着在热力学相图中存在一些线，即所谓的同构线，沿着这些线，以适当缩减的单位表示的结构和动力学在很好的近似下是不变的。这意味着就几种物理性质而言，相图实际上变成了一维的。具有同构线的液体和固体包括大多数或所有范德华键合体系和金属，以及弱离子或偶极体系。另一方面，具有方向性键合（氢键或共价键）或强库仑力的体系通常不表现出隐藏尺度不变性。本文综述了凝聚态物质这一图景背后的理论以及来自计算机模拟和实验的相关证据。
