de With Gijsbertus
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld 14, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Chem Rev. 2023 Dec 13;123(23):13713-13795. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00489. Epub 2023 Nov 14.
Contrary to continuous phase transitions, where renormalization group theory provides a general framework, for discontinuous phase transitions such a framework seems to be absent. Although the thermodynamics of the latter type of transitions is well-known and requires input from two phases, for melting a variety of one-phase theories and models based on solids has been proposed, as a generally accepted theory for liquids is (yet) missing. Each theory or model deals with a specific mechanism using typically one of the various defects (vacancies, interstitials, dislocations, interstitialcies) present in solids. Furthermore, recognizing that surfaces are often present, one distinguishes between mechanical or bulk melting and thermodynamic or surface-mediated melting. After providing the necessary preliminaries, we discuss both types of melting in relation to the various defects. Thereafter we deal with the effect of pressure on the melting process, followed by a discussion along the line of type of materials. Subsequently, some other aspects and approaches are dealt with. An attempt to put melting in perspective concludes this review.
与重整化群理论提供了一个通用框架的连续相变相反，对于不连续相变，这样的框架似乎并不存在。尽管后一种类型相变的热力学是众所周知的，并且需要两相的输入，但对于熔化，已经提出了基于固体的各种单相理论和模型，因为（目前）还缺少一个被普遍接受的液体理论。每种理论或模型都使用固体中存在的各种缺陷（空位、间隙原子、位错、间隙缺陷）中的一种来处理特定的机制。此外，认识到表面通常存在，人们区分了机械或体相熔化与热力学或表面介导的熔化。在提供了必要的预备知识之后，我们讨论了与各种缺陷相关的两种熔化类型。此后，我们讨论压力对熔化过程的影响，接着沿着材料类型进行讨论。随后，处理了一些其他方面和方法。本文试图从整体角度看待熔化，以此作为综述的结尾。
