Rebmann Terri, Loux Travis M, Swick Zachary, Reddick David, Dolgin Harlan, Anthony John, Prasad Rohan
Biosecur Bioterror. 2014 Jul-Aug;12(4):208-16. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2014.0014. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends using open points of dispensing (PODs) and alternative modalities, such as closed PODs, for mass dispensing of medical countermeasures. However, closed POD existence has not been assessed. In 2013 we sent an online questionnaire to US Cities Readiness Initiative (CRI) and non-CRI public health disaster planners. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences between CRIs and non-CRIs when comparing having at least 1 closed POD, and to compare having a closed POD and perceived mass dispensing preparedness. A total of 301 disaster planners participated. Almost all (89.3%, n=218) jurisdictions have considered establishing a closed POD, and three-quarters (74.2%, n=181) currently have at least one. CRIs were more likely than non-CRIs to have a closed POD (85.0% vs 58.5%, X(2)=21.3, p<.001). Those with 1 or more closed PODs were more likely to believe their jurisdiction could distribute medical countermeasures within 48 hours compared to those without a closed POD (78.5% vs 21.5%; X(2)=10.8, p=.001). Half had a written plan and/or written standing orders (59.1% and 52.5%, respectively). Almost half (42%, n=72) have done no preevent training for POD staff in the past 2 years; almost 20% (18%, n=32) do not plan to offer any just-in-time training. Nearly 40% (n=70) have conducted no exercises in the past year. Closed PODs contribute to community preparedness; their establishment should be followed by development of written plans, worker training, and exercises.
美国疾病控制与预防中心建议采用开放式药品发放点（POD）及其他替代方式，如封闭式POD，来进行大规模医疗应对措施的发放。然而，尚未对封闭式POD的存在情况进行评估。2013年，我们向美国城市应急准备倡议（CRI）以及非CRI的公共卫生灾难规划人员发送了一份在线调查问卷。在比较至少拥有1个封闭式POD的情况以及比较拥有封闭式POD与感知到的大规模发放准备情况时，使用卡方检验来确定CRI和非CRI之间的差异。共有301名灾难规划人员参与。几乎所有（89.3%，n = 218）辖区都曾考虑设立封闭式POD，四分之三（74.2%，n = 181）目前至少拥有一个。与非CRI辖区相比，CRI辖区更有可能拥有封闭式POD（85.0%对58.5%，X(2)=21.3，p <.001）。与没有封闭式POD的辖区相比，拥有1个或更多封闭式POD的辖区更有可能认为其辖区能够在48小时内分发医疗应对措施（78.5%对21.5%；X(2)=10.8，p =.001）。一半的辖区有书面计划和/或书面常规指令（分别为59.1%和52.5%）。在过去两年中，几乎一半（42%，n = 72）没有对POD工作人员进行过事件前培训；近20%（18%，n = 32）不打算提供任何即时培训。近40%（n = 70）在过去一年中没有进行过演练。封闭式POD有助于社区的准备工作；设立后应制定书面计划、对工作人员进行培训并开展演练。
