Riaz Azra, Khan Rafeeq Alam, Mirza Talat, Mustansir Tazeen, Ahmed Mansoor
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan / Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Jeddah, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, KSA.
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2014 Jul;27(4):907-15.
The genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae includes many species e.g. Citrus indica, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus limon, among which Citrus limon L. Burm. f. has been reported to have highest antimicrobial activity. It is used as antidote against certain venom, due to its platelet inhibitory effect and also reported to have hypocholesterolemic effect. However its anticoagulant and thrombolytic effect were not been investigated, hence a prospective in-vitro/in-vivo study was designed to determine the effect of Citrus limon on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors. In-vitro tests revealed highly significant increase in thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time by Citrus limon, whereas fibrinogen concentration was significantly reduced in comparison to control, however prothrombin time was not affected significantly. In-vivo testing of Citrus limon was done at three different doses i.e. 0.2ml/kg, 0.4ml/kg and 0.6ml/kg in healthy rabbits. Significant changes were observed in hematological parameters such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Bleeding time and thrombin time was significantly prolonged and there was increase in protein C and thrombin antithrombin complex levels. These results may be due to inactivation of thrombin because it significantly decreases fibrinogen concentration and inhibit platelet aggregation. Citrus limon showed maximal anticoagulant effect at 0.4ml/kg, which suggest that Citrus limon possesses an anti-thrombin component and could prevent thrombosis playing a cardio protective role.
芸香科柑橘属包括许多物种，例如印度柑橘、酸橙和柠檬，其中柠檬（Citrus limon L. Burm. f.）据报道具有最高的抗菌活性。由于其血小板抑制作用，它被用作某些毒液的解毒剂，并且还据报道具有降胆固醇作用。然而，其抗凝和溶栓作用尚未得到研究，因此设计了一项前瞻性体外/体内研究来确定柠檬对血液参数、凝血和抗凝因子的影响。体外试验显示，柠檬可使凝血酶时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间显著延长，而与对照组相比，纤维蛋白原浓度显著降低，不过凝血酶原时间未受到显著影响。在健康兔子身上以三种不同剂量，即0.2ml/kg、0.4ml/kg和0.6ml/kg对柠檬进行了体内试验。观察到血液学参数如红细胞、血红蛋白和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度有显著变化。出血时间和凝血酶时间显著延长，蛋白C和凝血酶抗凝血酶复合物水平升高。这些结果可能是由于凝血酶失活，因为它显著降低纤维蛋白原浓度并抑制血小板聚集。柠檬在0.4ml/kg时显示出最大的抗凝作用，这表明柠檬具有抗凝血酶成分，并且可以预防血栓形成，起到心脏保护作用。
