Klimek-Szczykutowicz Marta, Szopa Agnieszka, Ekiert Halina
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan 17;9(1):119. doi: 10.3390/plants9010119.
This review presents important botanical, chemical and pharmacological characteristics of Citrus limon (lemon)-a species with valuable pharmaceutical, cosmetic and culinary (healthy food) properties. A short description of the genus is followed by information on the chemical composition, metabolomic studies and biological activities of the main raw materials obtained from (fruit extract, juice, essential oil). The valuable biological activity of C. limon is determined by its high content of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids (e.g., diosmin, hesperidin, limocitrin) and phenolic acids (e.g., ferulic, synapic, p-hydroxybenzoic acids). The essential oil is rich in bioactive monoterpenoids such as D-limonene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene. Recently scientifically proven therapeutic activities of C. limon include anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and antiparasitic activities. The review pays particular attention, with references to published scientific research, to the use of in the food industry and cosmetology. It also addresses the safety of use and potential phototoxicity of the raw materials. Lastly, the review emphasizes the significance of biotechnological studies on .
本综述介绍了柠檬（Citrus limon）的重要植物学、化学和药理学特性，柠檬是一种具有重要药用、美容和烹饪（健康食品）价值的物种。在对该属进行简要描述之后，介绍了从柠檬中获得的主要原料（果实提取物、果汁、精油）的化学成分、代谢组学研究和生物活性。柠檬的重要生物活性取决于其高含量的酚类化合物，主要是黄酮类化合物（如地奥司明、橙皮苷、柠檬素）和酚酸（如阿魏酸、芥子酸、对羟基苯甲酸）。其精油富含生物活性单萜类化合物，如D-柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯。最近科学证明柠檬具有的治疗活性包括抗炎、抗菌、抗癌和抗寄生虫活性。本综述特别关注，参考已发表的科学研究，柠檬在食品工业和美容学中的应用。它还讨论了这些原料的使用安全性和潜在的光毒性。最后，本综述强调了关于柠檬的生物技术研究的重要性。
