Chekman I S
Lik Sprava. 2013 Apr-May(3):3-10.
This article summarizes the literature and research data that concerns role of capillaries in the functioning of natural nanomechanisms in living systems. Physiologically active substances the body--essential and non-essential amino-acids, neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine), vitamins (retinol, ergocalciferol, etc.), albumin, ATP, DNA, RNA, fibrinogen and others--are at the nanoscale size. Natural nanostructures are ion channels of biological membranes, colloidal solutions of the body (blood, interstitial fluid). Only in recent years, scientists have begun to more actively explore the role of capillaries in the functioning of organs and body with position of natural nanomechanisms. To the nanomechanisms in functioning capillaries in the body of living systems maybe contribute: wall capillaries, vascular endothelium, as nanostructures, capillary forces, biological nanomotors, ion channels, surface tension and surface energy of nanoparticles, and such processes and phenomena as nanohydrophobic shift or "lotus-effect" double electric layer, entropy that occur in the structures of the body. The significance of water flow processes in capillaries studied enough. Establishing nanomechanisms in functioning capillaries in living systems requires an interdisciplinary approach involving different specialists in physics, chemistry, biology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology.
本文总结了有关毛细血管在生命系统中天然纳米机制功能中所起作用的文献和研究数据。人体中的生理活性物质——必需和非必需氨基酸、神经递质（肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱）、维生素（视黄醇、麦角钙化醇等）、白蛋白、三磷酸腺苷、脱氧核糖核酸、核糖核酸、纤维蛋白原等——都处于纳米尺度。天然纳米结构包括生物膜的离子通道、人体的胶体溶液（血液、组织液）。直到最近几年，科学家们才开始更积极地探索毛细血管在具有天然纳米机制的器官和身体功能中的作用。在生命系统体内起作用的毛细血管中的纳米机制可能得益于：毛细血管壁、血管内皮（作为纳米结构）、毛细作用力、生物纳米马达、离子通道、纳米颗粒的表面张力和表面能，以及诸如纳米疏水位移或“荷叶效应”双电层、熵等在人体结构中发生的过程和现象。毛细血管中水流过程的重要性已得到充分研究。在生命系统中起作用的毛细血管中建立纳米机制需要一种跨学科方法，涉及物理、化学、生物学、生理学、药理学和毒理学等不同领域的专家。
