Hinton Pamela S
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014 Sep;39(9):1012-8. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0147. Epub 2014 May 27.
Iron is a trace mineral that is highly significant to endurance athletes. Iron is critical to optimal athletic performance because of its role in energy metabolism, oxygen transport, and acid-base balance. Endurance athletes are at increased risk for suboptimal iron status, with potential negative consequences on performance, because of the combination of increased iron needs and inadequate dietary intake. This review paper summarizes the role of iron in maximal and submaximal exercise and describes the effects of iron deficiency on exercise performance. Mechanisms that explain the increased risk of iron deficiency in endurance athletes, including exercise-associated inflammation and hepcidin release on iron sequestration, are described. Information on screening athletes for iron deficiency is presented, and suggestions to increase iron intake through diet modification or supplemental iron are provided.
铁是一种对耐力运动员非常重要的微量矿物质。由于其在能量代谢、氧气运输和酸碱平衡中的作用，铁对于最佳运动表现至关重要。由于铁需求增加和饮食摄入不足的综合作用，耐力运动员铁状态欠佳的风险增加，这可能对运动表现产生负面影响。这篇综述文章总结了铁在最大强度和次最大强度运动中的作用，并描述了缺铁对运动表现的影响。文中还描述了解释耐力运动员缺铁风险增加的机制，包括运动相关炎症和铁调素释放对铁螯合的影响。提供了有关筛查运动员缺铁情况的信息，并给出了通过饮食调整或补充铁剂来增加铁摄入量的建议。
