Fu Jinhan, Zeng Chunzi, Huang Jie, Guo Jiaying, Su Zheng, Luo Shiyun, Zhang Weiwei, Zhang Zhoubin, Zhu Huilian, Li Yan
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Foodborne Diseases and Food Safety Risk Surveillance, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Sep 2;11:1443849. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1443849. eCollection 2024.
Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia cause a huge disease burden worldwide. Diet is an important factor affecting the iron levels. This study aims to explore the dietary patterns of school-aged children in rural areas of Guangzhou and their association with iron deficiency.
Data on dietary surveys, lifestyle, demographic and laboratory tests were gathered from rural school-age children in Guangzhou. Factor analysis was applied to derive dietary patterns. Robust Poisson regression and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and iron deficiency.
A total of 2,530 children and adolescents aged 9-17 years were enrolled. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 13.36%. Four dietary patterns were identified including snack and fast-food pattern, fruit and vegetable pattern, cereal and tuber pattern and meat and offal pattern. Both children and adolescents in the Q4 group (the highest propensity) of snack and fast-food pattern and cereal and tuber pattern had a higher risk of iron deficiency than the Q1 group (the lowest propensity). Both children and adolescents in the Q4 group of meat and offal pattern and fruit and vegetable pattern had a lower risk of iron deficiency than the Q1 group. The results of stratified analysis showed the negative effect of snack and fast-food pattern and the protective benefits of meat and offal pattern are more obvious for boys, and the negative effect of cereal and tuber pattern were obvious for girls. The negative effect or protective benefits of the four dietary patterns were obvious for children aged 9-13.
Females, older children, and those with shorter sleep duration are at higher risk of iron deficiency. Snack and fast-food pattern and cereal and tuber pattern are risk factors for iron deficiency, and fruit and vegetable pattern and meat and offal pattern are protective factors for iron deficiency. The impact of diet on body iron levels is more obvious in boys and younger children. The findings of this study can provide evidence for formulating prevention and control measures on children and adolescents iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
缺铁和缺铁性贫血在全球范围内造成了巨大的疾病负担。饮食是影响铁水平的一个重要因素。本研究旨在探讨广州农村地区学龄儿童的饮食模式及其与缺铁的关系。
收集广州农村学龄儿童的饮食调查、生活方式、人口统计学和实验室检查数据。应用因子分析得出饮食模式。采用稳健泊松回归和亚组分析来分析饮食模式与缺铁之间的关联。
共纳入2530名9至17岁的儿童和青少年。缺铁患病率为13.36%。确定了四种饮食模式，包括零食和快餐模式、水果和蔬菜模式、谷物和块茎模式以及肉类和内脏模式。零食和快餐模式以及谷物和块茎模式的Q4组（倾向最高）的儿童和青少年缺铁风险均高于Q1组（倾向最低）。肉类和内脏模式以及水果和蔬菜模式的Q4组的儿童和青少年缺铁风险均低于Q1组。分层分析结果显示，零食和快餐模式的负面影响以及肉类和内脏模式的保护作用对男孩更为明显，谷物和块茎模式的负面影响对女孩明显。四种饮食模式的负面影响或保护作用在9至13岁儿童中明显。
女性、年龄较大的儿童以及睡眠时间较短的儿童缺铁风险较高。零食和快餐模式以及谷物和块茎模式是缺铁的危险因素，水果和蔬菜模式以及肉类和内脏模式是缺铁的保护因素。饮食对机体铁水平的影响在男孩和年幼孩子中更为明显。本研究结果可为制定儿童和青少年缺铁及缺铁性贫血的防控措施提供依据。
