Warner Isiah M, El-Zahab Bilal, Siraj Noureen
Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States.
Anal Chem. 2014 Aug 5;86(15):7184-91. doi: 10.1021/ac501529m. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
Ionic liquid (IL) chemistry has evolved over the past century, such that these organic salts have impacted virtually every area of science and engineering. In the area of chemistry, initial applications of these salts were primarily the domain of chemists or chemical engineers who desired to manipulate the properties of IL solvents for a variety of applications including tuning various chemical processes. Since then, the chemistry of these organic salts has progressed such that changing an important property of a solvent (e.g., melting point or hydrophobicity) often involves simply altering the counterion of the organic salt. It is with this simplicity in mind that we have recently embarked upon the use of such chemistry to manipulate important properties of solid-phase ionic organic materials. To differentiate this chemistry from ionic liquid chemistry, we have coined the acronym GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts). In this perspective article, we describe and demonstrate how ionic liquid chemistry can provide distinct and sometimes unique chemistry for solid-phase applications. Solid phase properties which can be manipulated via this chemistry include, but are not limited to, magnetism, melting point, hydrophobicity, fluorescence quantum yields, nanoformulations, material aggregation, viscosity, viscoelasticity, and cytotoxicity. In addition, we discuss a few examples to demonstrate how GUMBOS chemistry, until now, has been beneficial to the general area of materials chemistry and, more broadly, to the field of analytical chemistry. We also project future applications of this technology.
离子液体（IL）化学在过去一个世纪中不断发展，以至于这些有机盐几乎影响了科学和工程的各个领域。在化学领域，这些盐的最初应用主要是化学家或化学工程师的工作范畴，他们希望操控离子液体溶剂的性质以用于包括调节各种化学过程在内的多种应用。从那时起，这些有机盐的化学性质不断进步，以至于改变溶剂的一个重要性质（例如熔点或疏水性）通常只需简单地改变有机盐的抗衡离子。正是出于这种简便性的考虑，我们最近开始利用这种化学方法来操控固相离子有机材料的重要性质。为了将这种化学与离子液体化学区分开来，我们创造了首字母缩写词GUMBOS（基于有机盐的均匀材料组）。在这篇观点文章中，我们描述并展示了离子液体化学如何能够为固相应用提供独特且有时是独一无二的化学性质。通过这种化学方法可以操控的固相性质包括但不限于磁性、熔点、疏水性、荧光量子产率、纳米制剂、材料聚集、粘度、粘弹性和细胞毒性。此外，我们讨论了一些例子，以展示到目前为止GUMBOS化学如何对材料化学的总体领域，更广泛地说，对分析化学领域有益。我们还预测了这项技术的未来应用。
