Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI , USA.
Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, MI , USA ; Department of Physics, Oakland University , Rochester, MI , USA.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Jun 27;8:382. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00382. eCollection 2014.
Ischemic stroke is responsible for many deaths and long-term disability world wide. Development of effective therapy has been the target of intense research. Accumulating preclinical literature has shown that substantial functional improvement after stroke can be achieved using subacutely administered cell-based and pharmacological therapies. This review will discuss some of the latest findings on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), human umbilical cord blood cells, and off-label use of some pharmacological agents, to promote recovery processes in the sub-acute and chronic phases following stroke. This review paper also focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the cell-based and pharmacological restorative processes, which enhance angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, neurogenesis, and white matter remodeling following cerebral ischemia as well as an analysis of the interaction/coupling among these restorative events. In addition, the role of microRNAs mediating the intercellular communication between exogenously administered cells and parenchymal cells, and their effects on the regulation of angiogenesis and neuronal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, and brain plasticity after stroke are described.
缺血性脑卒中是全世界范围内导致许多人死亡和长期残疾的主要原因。开发有效的治疗方法一直是密集研究的目标。越来越多的临床前文献表明，在亚急性期使用基于细胞和药物的治疗方法可以实现实质性的功能改善。这篇综述将讨论一些最新的关于骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）、人脐带血细胞以及一些药物的标签外使用的发现，以促进脑卒中后亚急性期和慢性期的恢复过程。这篇综述论文还重点介绍了细胞和药物修复过程的分子机制，这些机制可以促进脑缺血后的血管生成、动脉生成、神经发生和白质重塑，并分析了这些修复事件之间的相互作用/耦合。此外，还描述了介导外源性细胞和实质细胞之间细胞间通讯的 microRNAs 的作用，以及它们对血管生成和神经祖细胞增殖、分化以及脑卒中后大脑可塑性的调节作用。
