Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 Jun 26;5:635. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00635. eCollection 2014.
(1) Does experienced mood affect emotion perception in faces and is this perception mood-congruent or mood-incongruent?(2) Are there age-group differences in the interplay between experienced mood and emotion perception? (3) Does emotion perception in faces change as a function of the temporal sequence of study sessions and stimuli presentation, and (4) does emotion perception in faces serve a mood-regulatory function? One hundred fifty-four adults of three different age groups (younger: 20-31 years; middle-aged: 44-55 years; older adults: 70-81 years) were asked to provide multidimensional emotion ratings of a total of 1026 face pictures of younger, middle-aged, and older men and women, each displaying six different prototypical (primary) emotional expressions. By analyzing the likelihood of ascribing an additional emotional expression to a face whose primary emotion had been correctly recognized, the multidimensional rating approach permits the study of emotion perception while controlling for emotion recognition. Following up on previous research on mood responses to recurring unpleasant situations using the same dataset (Voelkle et al., 2013), crossed random effects analyses supported a mood-congruent relationship between experienced mood and perceived emotions in faces. In particular older adults were more likely to perceive happiness in faces when being in a positive mood and less likely to do so when being in a negative mood. This did not apply to younger adults. Temporal sequence of study sessions and stimuli presentation had a strong effect on the likelihood of ascribing an additional emotional expression. In contrast to previous findings, however, there was neither evidence for a change from mood-congruent to mood-incongruent responses over time nor evidence for a mood-regulatory effect.
(1) 经验性情绪是否会影响面孔的情绪感知，这种感知是与情绪一致还是不一致？(2) 在经验性情绪和情绪感知之间的相互作用中是否存在年龄组差异？(3) 面孔的情绪感知是否会随着学习阶段和刺激呈现的时间序列而变化，以及 (4) 面孔的情绪感知是否具有情绪调节功能？154 名成年人分为三个不同的年龄组（年轻人：20-31 岁；中年人：44-55 岁；老年人：70-81 岁），要求他们对总共 1026 张年轻、中年和老年男女的面孔照片进行多维情绪评分，每张照片显示六种不同的典型（主要）情绪表情。通过分析将额外的情绪表情归因于正确识别主要情绪的面孔的可能性，多维评分方法允许在控制情绪识别的同时研究情绪感知。在前一项使用相同数据集研究对反复出现的不愉快情况的情绪反应的研究的基础上（Voelkle 等人，2013 年），交叉随机效应分析支持经验性情绪和面孔感知情绪之间的情绪一致关系。特别是，当处于积极情绪时，老年人更有可能将快乐感知为面孔的情绪，而当处于消极情绪时，他们不太可能这样做。这不适用于年轻人。学习阶段和刺激呈现的时间序列对归因于额外情绪表达的可能性有很大影响。然而，与之前的发现相反，既没有证据表明随着时间的推移从情绪一致反应转变为情绪不一致反应，也没有证据表明存在情绪调节作用。
